1194 
memory of persons now living has been 
mixed with vegetable matter that each 
year has rotted upon the surface, thus 
changing the character of the surface 
soil. The main body of the soil for a 
great depth was formed as the result of 
the erosion of the eastern slope of the 
Rocky mountain range and is coarser on 
the western border than in the central 
portion of the state. 
The climate is mild, the air clear and 
pure, the sun hot in July and August but 
the nights delightfully cool. The winters 
with few exceptions are not severely cold, 
although the winds are strong. Some- 
times, however, the mercury drops sev- 
eral degrees below zero. 
In the castern part of the state grapes, 
plums, cherries, currants, raspberries and 
blackberries grew wild at an early date. 
In this portion of the state apples, 
peaches, cherries, grapes and all kinds of 
orchard fruits do well. There are, how- 
ever, difficulties for the fruit grower, and 
among them are the following conditions: 
First: On the low lands along the 
streams, where the roots of the trees 
strike the sheet water, late spring frosts 
often injure the bloom, so that while this 
is an ideal location for the orchard from 
the standpoint of the growing of trees 
the probability of injury by frost makes 
a profitable crop uncertain. 
Second: On the hills where there is 
drainage and freedom from frost there is 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
often not sufficient moisture to develop 
a commercial crop of apples, pears or 
peaches that could be sold profitably in 
the markets in competition with fruits 
grown in irrigated regions or where there 
is more rainfall. In the central and east- 
ern portions three or four days of hot 
winds sometimes injure the fruits so that 
they can not be sold commercially. These 
hot winds are becoming less injurious as 
the country is improved, as alfalfa in- 
stead of sand or buffalo grass covers the 
surface soil and as orchards and groves 
spring up. 
In the extreme western part of the 
state sugar beets are extensively grown 
along the streams where water is avail- 
able for irrigation. Here land which was 
once considered valueless, or nearly go, 
is selling for high prices. 
According to the census of 1910 the 
number of bearing fruit trees of all kinds 
in Kansas was 13,122,464. Of these, ap- 
ples number 6,929,673; peaches and nec: 
tarines, 1,856,438; pears, 292,383; plums 
and prunes, 624,648; cherries, 661,267; 
grapes, 2,889,845 vines; small fruits, 
5,400 acres; nuts, 148,044 trees. 
The counties having the largest num- 
ber of bearing apple trees are: Atchison, 
176,668; Cowley, 189,647; Doniphan, 237,- 
851; Jefferson, 176,787; Leavenworth, 
282,403; Lyon, 198,600; Reno, 295,001; 
nedgwick, 205,856; Shawnee, 209,152; 
Washington, 153,044. 
GRANVILLE LowTiEeR 
Production of Various Fruits in Kansas 
Small Fruits—1909 and 1899 
The following table shows data with 
[Ante apngahopeat rin eidatnonnen pes olAs Fe REE RR OEE RIE TA SHRTRHer HIN 
carrie tnadeienieadiaetmesainiagmentnamamemmni’ 
tt needa enintny 
“ - ven 
GA M0 st ok IRR i init ORHEEY MAM HYUEImISLO PRUE ty 
regard to small fruits on farms: 
ares 
Number Acres ; 
P of farms Quantity Value 
R reportin quar & 
CRO 71909 5 1909 1899 1909 1909 
ea 0) 1:5 Oc 5,400 5,824 5,477.274 | $454,200 
Strate , to . anew eee en tenet eneeeteeseenees 3,967 1,719 2,004 9 119, 048 178,094 
Blackberries and dewberries...........ceeceecvecsceeees 6,912 2,682 2,044, 2,535,918 201,134 
Raspberries and loganberries..........c0ccceeeeaeeenees 1,678 718 957 616,0 6,446 
TONGS. acc c cece ceanseecweneceeeeeacunsesaveuuues 820 98 134 67,005 6,023 
Gooseberries. 0... cece eee e cet eeccueseecueneenueeeees 1,928 188 als 138,772 12,460 
Other bem III ee gp ay im fo wg | ig 
1Reported in small fractions. 
