1244 
Liquid Manure Tank 
Liquid manure tanks, which can be 
built at a very small cost, have proved 
their worth not only by improving the 
sanitary conditions around the barns but 
by benefiting the soil. The first one erect- 
ed in Pierce county, Washington, cost 
$100. The tank is built of concrete and 
coarse gravel, the walls being 8 inches 
thick. The tank may be built any length 
to suit the dairyman. One of the most 
successful ones in Tacoma is 65 feet long, 
16 feet wide and 7 feet deep. 
All of the urine and manure from the 
dairy is run through pipe connections to 
the tank together with about 60 per cent 
of water. When opportunity comes to 
put the liquid manure on the soil, it is 
necessary to empty the water-tight tank 
by means of a pump into a tank wagon 
with low wheels. Or if the tank is built 
on a side hill, a pump may not be neces- 
sary. A perforated pipe is built on the 
rear of the wagon, extending about 2 
feet on either side of the wheels. The 
perforations are about a half inch in 
dameter, and the pipe is about 4 inches 
in diameter. By means of a lever, the 
driver can regulate the flow. 
The concrete tanks ought to be con- 
structed about 50 feet from the barn, and 
if possible so situated that it would only 
be necessary to drain the fluid from the 
receptacle into the wagon. 
By means of a screen any obstacle that 
will tend to clog the perforations in the 
pipe on the rear of the wagon may be 
eliminated. It has been found that the 
urine is just as valuable for fertilizer as 
the manure, and the liquid fertilizer is 
much easier to handle. 
Dr. S. A. RHOADES, 
Tacoma, Wash. 
Loganberry 
The loganberry is a hybrid originated 
by crossing the Red Antwerp raspberry 
with the Aughinbaugh blackberry. It 
has come to be regarded as of consider- 
able commercial importance and is re- 
garded by many fruit growers as one of 
the most profitable fruits. 
HNCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
LOGANBERRY CULTURE IN THE 
WILLAMETTE VALLEY 
Britt ASPINWALL 
Used by special permission of the Pacific 
Horticultural Correspondence School, Port- 
land, Oregon Copyiighted, all rights reserved 
Before going into the loganberry bus- 
iness on a commercial basis it is import- 
ant that that the following requisites be 
observed: 
(1) Selection of soil, (2) proper drain- 
age, (3) right proportions for yard, (4) 
camping facilities for pickers, (5) pro- 
tection from frosts, (6) shipping facili- 
ties, (7) wood, (8) good plants. 
Selection of Soil 
(1) I prefer a deep, rich, dark loam 
soil: bottom land is usually richer than 
upland, especially the silt soils near the 
rivers, but as much of it has a gravelly 
subsoil it is harder to keep the moisture 
near the surface by cultivation than on 
the upland prairie soil. Loganberries do 
fairly well on the red hill land but not 
so well as on black loam. 
Proper Drainage 
(2) Drainage is very important, as 
loganberries will soon die out where the 
water stands around the roots for sever- 
al days at time. As the rows should run 
north and south it is best to select land 
that drains either to the north or south, 
if surface drainage is used, so the water 
will run off between the rows during the 
winter. If there is not good surface 
drainage, or if it drains to the east or 
west, the land should be tiled. 
Right Proportions for Yard 
(3) This is a point that is many 
times overlooked. I have seen loganber- 
ries set out with the rows from 40 to 
60 rods long, making it unhandy in every 
way about picking and carrying out the 
berries. We find that rows from 45 to 50 
hills long are the most convenient in 
picking, as it gives the pickers only a 
short distance to carry the berries to the 
ends of the rows. We always set them 
out leaving a 16-foot road through the 
middle, and rows of the above length on 
each side of the road, so as to build the 
packing sheds and evaporators in the 
middle of the yard and work across the 
