tivating at exactly the same time. The 
vines will not make much of a growth 
until about the first of August, when they 
will shoot out over the ground making 
vines sometimes 20 to 30 feet long before 
the first of October. As soon as the vines 
begin to grow out in the way, so as to 
bother with the cultivation, they should 
be turned lengthwise of the rows and the 
ground cultivated only one way. Then 
is a good time to commence setting the 
posts in the rows so as to get them all 
in and the wires up before the first of 
October, when it is best to train them up. 
In setting the posts use good strong 
posts, preferably cedar, seven feet long, 
and set them not over 32 feet apart in 
rows and two feet in the ground. This 
makes a five-foot trellis. Three No. 12 
galvanized wires, placing them 20 inches 
apart with the last one on top of the 
posts, are used. The end posts should 
be anchored good, as there will be a 
heavy strain on the wires when the 
vines are loaded with ripening fruit or 
during the winter if they get covered 
with snow. 
The cost per acre for setting out logan- 
berries, figuring labor at $2.00 per day, 
is as follows: 
Cost of nlowing (twice) and fitting land $ 600 
Cost of setting 680 plants (each man 
ONO ACTA) casnccancenwennvanece vue 200 
About 180 cedar posts at 10c........ 18.00 
500 nounds galvanized wire at 38c.... 1500 
Mieging heles and anchoring end posts 500 
Hauling tn and setting posts........ 3.00 
Stretehing wire and stapling.......... 800 
Dead men for anchoring and staples... 1.00 
$58 00 
Of course this will be increased by an 
advance in the price of posts, wire or 
labor, or on the other hand decreased by 
a decline of prices, but I think it is a 
fair estimate of the average cost. The 
cost of plants will vary in different years 
and will also be governed as to whether 
tips or yearling transplants are used. 
Training the Vines 
The first year the vines should be 
trained upon the wires the latter part 
of September or during October. In 
training them up the first year a num- 
ber of the shorter canes will have to be 
tied to the wires to keep them wp, but 
after the first year they can be trained 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
without tying by wrapping them around 
the wires. In training spread the vines 
out covering aS much space as possible 
and avoid bunching them on the wires, 
as it will bother in picking the berries 
if the vines are bunched. The top wire 
will carry most of the weight and we run 
the vines out on this wire and the sec- 
ond one, turning the ends down just 
enough to hold them good unless more 
plants are wanted, when they will have 
Lo be trained with the tips down to the 
ground so they can be covered in the 
fall. 
To secure plants from the vines train 
them with the tips to the ground and 
cover about three inches deep about the 
first of October. They will take root in 
the fall and make good strong plants for 
setting out in March or April. They may 
be covered by plowing a furrow to them, 
if the tips are nearly even, or with 
trowels. 
Cultivation 
After the vines are all trained up in 
good order the land should be plowed, 
throwing the dirt to the vines. Plow the 
first two rounds with one horse on a vine- 
yard plow and the last one should be 
made with a team on a heavier plow. 
Next to the vines it should be plowed 
shallow so as to not injure the roots, 
but the dead furrow in the center should 
be quite deep so as to afford good drain- 
age during the winter. Leave the ground 
in this condition without harrowing un- 
til spring. In the spring of the year as 
soon as the land is in good condition to 
work, plow it, throwing the dirt to the 
center of the row. The last furrow 
should be shallow and close to the rows 
so as to save as much hoeing as possible. 
Follow the plow with a harrow to keep 
the ground from drying out, then hoe 
out all the weeds in and between the 
hills. This may be done either by hand 
or with a horse hoe. The horse hoe is 
more practicable in a large yard as it 
saves considerable time and expense. Af- 
ter hoeing follow up with a disc harrow, 
throwing the dirt toward the vines, level- 
ing it down. After this keep it worked 
during the summer with a disc harrow 
and spring-tooth harrow or something 
