ENCYCLOPEDIA OF 
1302 
yy low tanpersture sufficient — 
‘ ag the route which it ts moving, ae 
{ that the oar will arrive before the 
soRTuNRe TERE FROIT BXORANGE. 
Fig. 19. 
Figure 22 
The modern voucher system of account- 
ing is used. This illustration shows the 
face, inside and endorsed back of the 
voucher employed in payment of this 
transaction. 
Big. -20, 
Figure 23 
Arrival and inspection report issued by 
destination branch. With the receipt and 
PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE 
filing of this document, the transaction is 
complete. 
The foregoing shows the necessary steps 
in a normal transaction. When accident 
of any kind befalls, and the fruit busi- 
ness is full of accidents, the operations 
are increased and complicated many fold. 
In making sales the aim is always to 
avoid what are called “pocket markets,” 
that is, markets at some terminal from 
whence cars cannot be diverted, on the 
through rate of freight. There are very 
few such markets, if the freight is ex- 
pertly routed in the first place, and this. 
is another fine point taken advantage of 
by the traffic department in the growers’ 
interest. | 
Should cars be rejected, several alter- 
natives offer: either an. adjustment can 
be negotiated with the original purchaser, 
should he be disposed to be reasonable, 
or, if the circumstances warrant, the car 
can be resold to some other buyer and di- 
verted on the through rate. In such a 
case, practically the entire transaction is 
duplicated. Cases have been known 
where the same car has been sold five or 
six times to as many different buyers. In 
spite of all precautions there is a cer- 
tain percentage of losses on account of 
defective service by the transportation 
companies, and such losses must be re- 
covered by means of claims. The success- 
ful prosecution of railway claims is a 
fine art. Success depends largely upon 
the proper fortification of the claim at 
the time of its inception, and this is pos- 
sible only under organized methods of 
sale and traffic. One prominent sales 
agency in the Northwest, whose methods 
are here illustrated, has collected in loss 
and damage claims for the benefit of its 
members during the past four seasons 
about $35,000. Under the old individual 
system of marketing most of this money 
was either lost by the growers through 
default or in some cases claims were 
collected and retained by the consignees 
as their legitimate perquisite. 
The genius of the traffic service, how- 
ever. lies not so much in the collection 
of claims as in the prevention of claims. 
It is much better to deliver fruit to the 
market in prime condition than to dam- 
