LEPIDOPTERA. 205 



C. The Microfrenat^. — Frenulum-bearing moths, which are 

 usually of small, often minute, size. The anal area of the hind 

 wings is not reduced, having usually three anal veins except in 

 certain minute forms where a broad fringe has been substituted 

 for the membrane of this area. 



The Pyralids, p. 228 Superfamily Pyralidina. 



The Tortricids, p. 239 Superfamily Tortricina. 



The Tineids, p. 246 Superfamily Tineina. 



The Clear-winged Moths, p. 259 Family Sesiid^. 



CC. The Specialized Macrofrenat^e.— Specialized Frenatae 

 which are usually of medium or large size. This division 

 includes certain moths and all skippers and butterflies. In 

 these insects the anal area of the hind wing is reduced, con- 

 taining only one or two anal veins. 



D. The Frenulum- conservers, — Specialized Macrofrenatse in 

 which the two wings of each side are united by a frenulum. 

 This group includes only moths. 



E. Moths that appear to have a three- branched cubitus, only 

 vein V3 being closely connected with vein VII. Vein Va 

 either retains its primitive position midway between veins 

 III and VII or arises from the discal vein nearer to vein 

 III than to vein VII.* 



The Dioptids, p. 262 Family Dioptid^. 



The Prominents, p. 263 Family Notodontid-^. 



The Measuring-worm Moths, p. 270. 



Superfamily Geometrina. 



EE. Moths that appear to have a four-branched cubitus, the 



base of vein V2 of one or both pairs of wings being more 



closely connected with vein VII than with vein III. 



F. Moths in which the humeral angle of the hind wings 



is greatly extended, but which as a rule possess the 



frenulum in one sex at least. 



The Auzatids, p. 288 Family Auzatid.^. 



The Hook- tip Moths, p. 289 Family Drepanid^. 



FF. Moths in which the humeral angle of the hind wings 

 is not greatly extended. 



G. The Noctuids and their Allies. — Moths in which some 

 of the branches of vein III of the fore wings coalesce 



* In many Hawk-molhs vein V2 nearly or quite retains its primitive 

 position ; but when it has moved from this position, it is nearer to vein VII 

 than to vein III. This family is placed, therefore, in the next division (EE) 

 of this synopsis. 



