50 MANUAL OF CATTLE'FEEDIKG. 



und ProteinsubstoMzen^'^^ Leipzig, 1877, pp. 256 and 258, 

 and a combination of the two methods, as proposed by 

 E. Scbnlze, in '^Dle ZandicirthschaftllGhen Versuchs-Sta- 

 tioneny XX., 117. 



Cellulose, as already stated (page 40), is determined by 

 removing otlier substances, so far as possible, by boiling with 

 dihite acid and alkali, washing with alcohol and ether, and 

 deducting from the weight of the residue the ash and 

 albuminoids which it still contains. The result gives the 

 amoimt of m'ude fikre. 



Fat is determined by dissolving it out of the dried fod- 

 der by e\ti action with renewed quantities of common (dry) 

 ether, evaporating off the ether from the resulting solution, 

 and w^eighing the fat remaining after careful drying at 

 100^ 0. 



The ether extract of most grains and tlie residues from 

 them can be considered as tolerably pure fat, but that of 

 all green and coarse fodders, such as hay, straw, stover, 

 Btc, consists of a mixture of the most various substances, 

 among which, along with the real fat, numerous wax and tar- 

 like bodies, and especially leaf -green, or chlorophyll, occur 

 in varying quantity. These substances are certainly of very 

 varying importance, and in part are entirely indigestible. 



Ash. — The mineral matter, or ash, of a fodder is deter- 

 mined by carefully burning a weighed quantity at as low 

 a temperatuie as possible, to avoid volatilization of alkaline 

 cniono-es. 



IVom the ash thus obtained is deducted any particks of 

 coal which it contains, and also the caibonic acid, since the 

 latter is only formed in the burning of the organic matter, 

 and is often very variable in quantity, according to the 

 temperature at which the ash is prepared, so that it is not 

 pmperly a constituent of the latter. 



