MAKXTAL OF CATTLE- FEEDIHO, 230 



feeding. It therefore becomes the interest of tlie feeder 

 to restrict tlie amount of water drank bj Ids animals to 

 that required for health. This is ebtimated by "Wolff at 

 four pounds per pound of dry matter of the fodder for 

 cattle, and two poimds for sheep, this amount including 

 that present in the fodder. The more watery tlie fodder 

 the less drink is necessary. 



J^Taturally, the amount of water drunk will, in most 

 cases, be left to the instinct of the animal, and regulated 

 only by avoidance of those conditions which, like too large 

 rations of salt, too high temperature of the stable, etc., in- 

 crease the desire of the animals to drink. 



Finally, there is no doubt that it would be advantageous, 

 when practicable, to supply anitnals with water warmed at 

 least somewhat above the freezing temperature, since it 

 would seem that at least one chief object of the increased 

 protein and fat consumption caused by excessive drinking 

 is to produce heat to warm the water to the temperature 

 of the body. 



Still more is it desirable, in the wintering of stock, not 

 to compel them to satisfy their thirst with snow or ice, 

 since not only must these be warmed, but they must be 

 mdtedj and the conversion of one pound of ice at 82° F. 

 into water of the same temperature requires somewhat 

 less than twice the amount of heat needed to warm one 

 pound of water from 32° to the temperature of the body. 

 All this heat comes directly from the combustion of tissue, 

 and is just so nuich subtracted from the net results of 

 feeding, and consequently from the feeder's pocket. 



Coohlng Fodder,— K portion of the advantage frequently 

 claimed to result from cooking and steaming fo<lder un- 

 doubtedly arises from the fact that the fodder is eaten 

 while still warm, and that thus a certain amount of the sub- 



