MANUAL OF CATTLE-FEEDIKG. 303 



Sugar Beet Pulp. — ^Where tlie manufacture of beet 

 sugar is carried on, the residue fiom tlie extraction of the 

 juice is largely used as fodder. 



The change of composition which takes place in the 

 material consists largely in a removal of non-nitrogenous 

 constituents ; but the extent of the alteration, as well as 

 the composition and pi^operties of tlie residue, vary con- 

 siderably according to the method of manufacture. 



In the older methods, still quite commonly used, the 

 juice is obtained either by pressing the roots or by means 

 of a centrifugal machine. In both cases more or less of 

 the nitrogenous matter of the beets passes into the juice. 

 Sugar beets have, on the average, a nutritive ratio of 

 1:17; in the residues thus obtained it is reduced to 1 : 10 

 -12, while the pressed residue has about 30 per cent., and 

 that from the centrifugal machines about IS per cent, of 

 drv matter. 



The newer method consists in treatina!; the thinlv sliced 

 roots with warm water and allowing the sugar to diffuse 

 out. In this method but little protein passes into the 

 juice, and the residue has a much narrower nutritive ratio 

 than that from either of the former methods, viz., 1 : 5.5-7, 

 rendering it, of course, all the more valuable for feeding. 

 It has, however, the disadvantage of being very watery, 

 containing only about 5.5 per cent of dry matter; by 

 moderate pressure the amount may be increased to about 

 7 per cent., and by heavier but more costly pressure to 

 9.5 to 14.5 per cent. 



A process strongly recommended for utilizing these 

 residues is to remove as much of their water by pressing as 

 practicable and then to treat them by eubilage. 



In the fermentation still more water is removed, but, 

 accorduig to experiments in Weende, only a slight loss of 



