91 
THE PEPPERED MOTH. 
Phalena Betularia, 
PLATE XXXIII, 
Phalena Betularia, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 862, No. 217, — 
Fab. Spec. Inst. ii. p. 252, No. 56.—Donovan’s British 
Insects, vol. vii. p. 55. pl.237.—Biston Betularius, (Zeach,) 
Rennie’s Conspectus, p. 104, 
Tue wings are entirely of an ashen gray, speckled 
all over with black; the margins with a clouded 
border, and each wing is provided with a zigzag 
line. The wings are in general deflexed when at 
rest ; and in the male extend from one inch and a 
half to five-sixths, and in the female from two 
inches and one-fourth to one-third. The lower 
wings have sometimes a black wavy streak behind 
the centre ; body grayish; white corslet, with a black 
fillet. 
In the larva condition, it feeds on the lime, 
willow, and elm; it is of a dark burnt umber brown 
colour, spotted with lilae, having a reddish line on 
the back ; or sometimes ashy gray, with two warts 
on the eighth segment, and two on the eleventh is 
and changes to the pupa state in September. The 
pupa is of a deep chocolate brown, with a few ob- 
Scure spots, and a long spine at the tip; some are 
