Growth and Form Development II 
ing in diameter by additions, 
grows into a branch; new 
branchlets start from buds 
along the length of the mother 
shoot, the daughter shoots 
forming side branches, and by 
repeated ramifications, gradu- 
ally from year to year, the 
crown is built up, character- 
istic in form and following 
well-known laws, typical for 
each species. 
One important fact to be ob- 
served in this process of build- 
ing up a crown is, that not all 
the buds which are formed on 
the twig develop into shoots; 
some remain undeveloped or 
dormant as buds, some are 
frozen, some dried up, some 
eaten or broken off; and even 
of the shoots which have been 
developed not all grow into 
limbs or branches many are 
lost sooner or later by causes 
similar to those which destroy 
the buds, and by the with- 
drawal of light and food, as the 
upper portions of the crown 
develop and cut off from the 
less favorably placed portions 
the necessaries of life. Just as 
Fic 4 —Bud Structure (Maple), 
A, longitudinal section through 
branch up, g, end bud, s, lateral 
buds, J, scars of leaves of last sea- 
son 3, cross section through bud, 
showing folded leaves in center and 
scales surrounding them 
in the animal world the struggle for existence necessitates 
