Callusing and Repairing 95 
trimmed back, if the wound is not covered at once with 
wax — which keeps it moist and the cambium layer at the 
circumference active, so that it can form a callus under the 
wax — the twig dries out and dies back for a shorter or 
longer space. The cambium below the dead portion will, 
of course, seek to repair the damage, and its activity will 
make itself apparent in a bulge of the bark, and when the 
dead stump has broken off, the 
callus will proceed, as described hi} 
above, to cover the ragged Ay 
wound. 6 A 4 My 
More frequently and prefer- “ig, ( "4 4 
ably, a bud below the dead W\ il I 
porticn will start into life and NS 
erow into a shoot; the shoot will Ss i 
tend to take the direction of the it 
mother branch and by its growth “id 
at the base will expedite the il 
sloughing off of the dead por- a 
tion; in this way the wound is 
covered more rapidly and com- BIG 25, seen Sterane tne ter 
pletely than by the ordinary te growth to supplant the lost 
callusing process. Thus in a bmp 
short time its existence is only to be inferred by a crook in 
the branch; and eventually even this crook may be 
outgrown. 
Hence in trimming back, care should be taken to cut 
near to a strong bud or branch, and yet not near cnough to 
have the bud itself dry out or be injured. What should be 
the distance of the bud from the wound depends on a vari- 
ety of conditions, which influence the rapidity and intensity 
of the drying out of the stub. If cut in the spring, shortly 
before or after the activity of the buds has begun, the cut 
