110 General Care of Trees 
which in city streets is always connected with difficulties, 
can be avoided; moreover, the “heading back” of heavy 
branches mars the symmetry and beauty of the tree and can 
only be considered a remedy for the neglect of earlier trim- 
ming. 
When pruning becomes necessary in order to reduce the 
crowding of neighbors, it is better to cut out entire branches 
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Fic 42 — Methods of correct pruning 
than to trim back the ends, since this only stimulates the 
production of new shoots, which soon close up again. “A 
skilful operator will remove one-third or more of the branches 
of a thickly set tree in such a manner that the ordinary 
observer will not perceive that any pruning has been done, 
the tree looking as natural in its ramifications as if it had 
not been disturbed.” 
Pruning for Flowers. Pruning is also resorted to for the 
purpose of stimulating flowering and fruiting. This is a 
special subject of the orchardist, which we can touch only 
as far as flowering ornamental trees or shrubs are concerned. 
When flowers are the object for which the tree or shrub is 
planted, the pruner must have knowledge of the flowering 
