Specific Pests 15] 
hawthorns, poplars, ornamental cherries, plums, currants 
and spireas are infested by the San José scale. 
They are very productive, breeding in July and December, 
and spreading readily, as in the case of the well-known cot- 
tony cushion scale on orange trees in California; the white 
pine scale and the cottony maple scale, which occur also on 
other species, are perhaps the most common and are recog- 
nized by their white, waxy, fluffy excretions. 
Judicious pruning or trimming in winter or mechanical 
dislodgment is the most practical remedy. Spraying with 
kerosene emulsion enforced by soap suds (three quarts 
of kerosene emulsion and one pound of whale-oil soap 
dissolved in eight gallons of water) during the winter or in 
early spring before the protective scales of the new genera- 
tion are formed is next best; the insect must be hit by the 
application, the spraying should be thorough, and should be 
repeated at least once. A lime-sulphur wash, or else “scale- 
-cide,”’ a petroleum preparation, which is more easily handled, 
may also be applied satisfactorily. 
Root-lice, in so far as they are not merely phases of the 
before-mentioned, are also scaly, covered with a whitish 
excretion; remedies discussed on page 148. 
Grasshoppers. Some of the “katydids” or long-horned 
grasshoppers become in some seasons obnoxious by feeding 
on foliage, and laying their eggs in young twigs and leaves, 
causing them to die. 
Spraying, collecting, and burning the litter (fallen twigs) 
may be practised, if chickens and turkeys do not keep them 
in check. 
Walking-sticks and the peculiar ‘“ Praying-maniis” or 
Rearhorse feed on the foliage of the trees, but are rarely im- 
portant. If necessary, spray, or burn the rubbish in which 
the eggs hatch. 
