152 Control of Parasites 
3 
Cicada or Seventeen-vear Locust, when it emerges from its 
long underground life, becomes troublesome by laying eggs 
in twigs and branches, causing their death, and may become 
seriously injurious to young trees, in old trees causing only 
unsightliness. 
The sparrow is the best protection, otherwise only mechan- 
ical destruction is available. 
2. BEETLES or Coleoptera have horny wings which form 
a cover over the posterior, folded membranaceous wings. 
Of the sixty-one families of beetles, seven contain species 
doing considerable damage, namely the snout-beetles or 
weevils, the bark-beetles, the long-horned, round-headed 
wood-borers, the flat-headed wood-borers, the clicking- 
beetles, the cockchafers, and the leaf-beetles. Besides 
these there are some minor pests found in other families. 
In most cases, it is the larve or “grubs”? which do the 
damage, although occasionally the beetles themselves are 
the culprits. 
Weevils or Snout-beetles or Curculios are mostly black, 
brown, or gray beetles, easily recognized by their beak-like 
mouth-parts. A very large number of species do damage 
of the most varied kind. In some cases the beetles as well 
as the larvee feed on the leaves; the white or yellowish larve 
found in the chestnuts and hickory nuts, as well as in apples 
and other fruit and in peas, belong to this family, while 
the plum curculio feeds as a beetle on buds and leaves, and 
as a larva on the fruit; some bore into the young shoots to lay 
their eggs, causing them to die and fall, others into the pith 
of older branchlets; some lay their eggs in the midrib of 
leaves, causing their fall; and some roll the leaves into pecu- 
liar shapes either singly or in bunches, causing their death; 
the larve of others, again, injure the roots; and others be- 
have like bark-beetles, destroying portions of the cambium, 
