Specific Pests 153 
or even like wood-borers, penetrating into the interior. 
They are especially obnoxious in conifers and more in 
younger than in older trees. The most important one 
damaging trees is perhaps the — 
White Pine Weevil; it attacks the leading shoot in young 
trees, sometimes year after year, causing its death and lead- 
ing to deformity by multiplying the leaders, one or more 
side branches taking up the leadership. 
A protective cover of soap wash (one pound to a hundred 
and fifty gallons of water), to which Paris Green is added, 
may keep the weevil off. Infested branches should be cut 
off and burned and the formation of a single proper leader 
regulated by proper pruning. In plantations, baiting and 
collecting the beetles is probably the only practical remedy 
against the pests. 
Bark Beetles are small weevils, generally not exceeding 
one-eighth of an inch, with very short snouts, of cylindrical 
form, and black, brown or gray color. Boring little holes 
through the bark into the soft layers of cambium and sap- 
wood in early spring, they enter and make a burrow close 
under the bark, in which the eggs are laid; these soon hatch 
and the larve continue the burrow in the cambium or wood, 
in galleries characteristic in outline for each species. At 
the ends of these channels they pupate and (in some of the 
species) within a month of the egg-laying the young beetles 
seek the old opening or a new one to mate and repeat the 
cycle, several broods being developed in the summer. 
Remedies, as described on page 147, consist in removal 
of infected parts or trees, baiting, and keeping trees in vig- 
orous condition. 
Round-headed Wood-borers are large beetles with elon- 
gated body, greatly varied in color, recognized easily by 
their long feelers or antenne, which are longer than their 
