Specific Pests 163 
lime (about the middle of May), to prevent the ascent of the 
caterpillar during the feeding season, and finallv a strong 
arsenate of lead spray (five pounds to fifty gallons) may be 
applied when the leaves are full grown and the caterpillars 
still young. 
Carpenter Moih. Various species of moths known by 
this name infest in their larval stage various species of trees, 
boring large holes and galleries into the wood. 
The oak-carpenter, although rare, is especially injurious, 
its rose-colored larva honeycombing the living wood as 
well as the cut wood of Oak and Black Locust; the worms 
remain two or three years in the wood before developing 
into the moth, which is of gray color, flying in June or 
July. 
The remedies usually applied for borers may be used in 
this case, namely, covering the trunk with soft soap to pre- 
vent the oviposition in early June, or applying bisulphide 
in the holes, or else digging out the worms. 
Spiny Elm Caterpillar, Mourning-cloak or Antiopa. A 
common, beautiful, large butterfly, purpled brown or black, 
with a broad cream-colored border and a row of pale blue 
spots. The black, spiny caterpillars, white-speckled, and 
with a row of eight dark brick-red spots, feed gregariously, 
making light webs in their path. They are sometimes, in 
limited colonies, very destructive to the foliage, especially 
of the elm, birch, basswood, and the various poplars. It is 
interesting, in that the butterfly hibernates and appears 
sometimes as early as March, making two broods in the 
season; the first brood appears in May, June, or July, the 
second in August. The eggs are laid in clusters encircling 
the twigs; the gray-brown, spiny chrysalis, hanging from 
fence rails, stumps, or other support is characteristic. 
Spraying is the best remedy, or else shaking down the 
