188 Esthetic Forestry 
point of view have taught him to combine industrial and 
esthetic art, pleasure, and profit. 
In the smaller woodland parks and woodland portions 
of city parks, such management is probably rarely prac- 
ticable, hence not a forester but a park manager and 
landscape gardener is here in place. 
A pleasure forest or park woodland is quite different 
from the usual pleasure park. Both the objects and the 
methods of treatment are different. The park is to give 
pleasure mainly by its artistic elements, the forest or wood- 
land mainly by its natural elements; the park exhibits art 
with a superimposition of naturalness upon artificially 
created or preserved groups of trees; the pleasure forest 
relies upon its satural naturalness, with merely a helping 
hand toward artistic appearance. 
Hence a let-alone policy is much more desirable in the 
forest than is possible to permit in the park. But, while 
the proper principle in the woodland park is to let Nature 
take its course, that does not mean that man should not inter- 
fere with Nature, for Nature is not always esthetic, she 
creates many things that are not beautiful, and leaves undone 
many that man conceives as enhancing natural beauty, 
for Nature works without object, not even the object to 
please. Hence the axe and saw are constantly in demand, 
here to remove a stag-headed tree that has lost its beauty 
and interferes with a better progeny, or an old trunk that 
is not only ugly in its unsoundness, but breeds the enemies 
of the healthy; there a sprawling limb needs lopping, or 
even a healthy tree or group of trees must be invaded to 
free a rarer component of the forest which is being choked 
out by its sturdier competitors. There is no part of the park 
that really requires more judgment in its treatment than 
this natural woodland. 
