190 Esthetic Forestry 
its distinctive charm and grandeur. On the other hand, the 
hardwood forest with its variety of mixture demands 
variety of development in its component members and 
shrubbery in varied form. Between these two extremes 
all kinds of gradations are, of course, conceivable: the com- 
position and age of thé particular growth will justify more 
or less close approach to the one or the other type which 
the park manager should maintain. 
There are at least three directions in which his judgment 
must be exercised; first, as to the location of the woodland 
park portions; if there be any choice, secondly, as to the 
outlines of these portions; and thirdly, as to the composition 
and interior form. 
Usually, perhaps, when natural woodlands are included 
within park areas there is but little choice as to their loca- 
tion; it is preordained, and only when new plantings are 
to be made is such choice possible, except that the existing 
woodland can be altered in its aspects and extent. 
Where the entire park is a natural woodland, it should be 
the aim to bring into it as much variety as the character 
of the forest type permits. Variety pleases, not uniformity. 
Dense thickets here suggest the depth and distance of the 
wild woods, and even in a small area make the size appear 
greater and extend its limits in imagination. A dense stand 
of clean boles without underbrush suggests the mystery of 
sylvan solitude; while a more open stand with a grassy floor 
invites one to a ramble among the trees leading to small 
openings of grassy glades, or, if possible, to a formal park 
with lawns and shapely single trees in groups. The treat- 
ment, of course, is somewhat dependent on the size of the 
whole, each separate type requiring certain proportions in 
order to be effective. Too much variety on a small area 
may become undesirable because unnatural. 
