Esthetic Forestry 191 
In a formal park, the dense parts are best disposed on the 
outskirts, which aids in increasing the feeling of distance 
and in excluding the outer world; but in larger parks an occa- 
sional belt of natural woodland within its borders adds to 
the “woodsiness” of the whole. 
Where natural woodland is skirted by lawns or grassy 
glades, particular attention is to be paid to the character of 
the outlines. While there is not necessarily an objection 
to a straight division line between the two types, an uneven 
line is, as a rule, more pleasing. A change from the open 
glade into an open stand on a more or less straight line is 
indicated with a coniferous forest, which, if young, will 
have its boles beset with branches to the base, or, if older, 
with its straight, uniform trunks standing separate, will 
bring out the contrast between its dark recesses and the 
sunny outside. With the deciduous and mixed woods, 
undulating lines will usually be found more pleasing and, 
if possible, the undulations should generally be deep, jut- 
ting out with sharper angles into the open, with gentler 
roundings on the sinuate portions, the juttings out being of 
varying lengths. 
These outlines should be kept as dense as possible with 
undergrowth in the projections; only in the sinuous parts 
should they be more or less open, inviting to their cool shade. 
The form of the outline should to some extent follow the 
contour of the land (unless it be flat), rounding hillocks, 
following up ravines, and encircling depressions. ‘There is 
need of constant attention and use of the axe, to keep the 
outlines dense and in good form. 
If any planting is to be done on the woodland border to 
effect the gradual change from the formal park or garden 
to the natural wood, great care should be used in the choice 
of material, especially avoiding violent contrasts and select- 
