1Q4 Esthetic Forestry 
ing very rapidly at the start, they cease in height growth 
much sooner than seedling trees. In addition, not only 
have the stumps usually been injured by careless axemen, 
but such woodlands have generally been burned over re- 
peatedly, thus injuring the stumps by fire; as a result decay 
has set in, and it is difficult to find really healthy stumps. 
The sprouts maj nevertheless grow up into quite respect- 
able trees, but they are on an unstable basis and are short- 
lived. The woodland parks of the Boston Metropolitan 
park system are probably largely made up of such sprout- 
lands. 
The proper policy here is to gradually replace sprouts by 
seedlings, either favoring volunteer growth of the latter or 
deliberately securing them from natural seeding of the 
sprouts or by planting. In this planting, the light re- 
quirements of the species used must be carefully considered. 
Moreover, it must not be forgotten that the seedlings grow 
more slowly than the sprouts, which, therefore, are vigorous 
competitors and must be kept constantly in check until the 
planted specimens are well established and can take care 
of themselves. 
In the selection of plant material, the possibility of new 
introductions is offered, but, while variety in composition 
pleases, yet the choice must be made with circumspection, 
not only as regards the capacity of permanent mainte- 
nance, but of adequacy. “ Beauty must be true, good, and 
adequate”: the new introductions must be adapted to the 
locality, preferably indigenous or, at least, not entirely inhar- 
monious with the main body of the woods, they must have 
elements of form or other qualities which make their intro- 
duction appear natural and desirable, and they must be 
adequate to the effect desired. If, for instance, coniferous 
growth is absent, some shade-enduring spruces, firs, or hem- 
