Esthetic Forestry 195 
locks may come in, singly and in groups, especially in 
glades and depressions, or, where an opening exists on an 
elevation, the light-needing pines and larches may find a 
place. 
Whatever may be true in the formal pleasure park, in 
the pleasure forest it is not beautiful to plant all kinds of 
trees in all sorts of places, merely for the sake of variety. 
The great charm of the pleasure forest lies in its naturalness. 
We must insist again that naturalness is the object of the 
woodland park. Hence in thinning out we would not, as 
is recommended by some, cut with reference to the individ- 
ual merit or beauty of the single tree, removing interfering 
trees to allow it to develop freely. On the contrary, except 
to prevent suppression of specially desirable species or indi- 
viduals, natural adjustment should be allowed to take its 
course, the axe correcting rather than directing development. 
Nevertheless, we want to have it well understood that 
‘whether in woodland or plantation, the work of the axe 
is never completed; it is vandalism to lay it away.” The 
cutting must, however, be done under a well-conceived plan, 
with a knowledge of what its effect should be and will be. 
It is usually best to select and mark in summer the trees 
to be cut, for then conditions of the leaf canopy — the decid- 
ing feature-—can be easily seen, but the actual work of 
removal is better left to the winter months, when it inter- 
feres least with the pleasure of visitors. 
While orderly appearance makes necessary the removal 
of the fallen leaves from lawns, it is worse than waste of 
time to do this in the woodland park, unless necessitated by 
the warfare on some insect pest. 
As regards the insect pests, it is evident that spraying is 
practically excluded, and hence collecting, mechanical 
destruction, or baiting are the only practical measures. 
