240 Trees for Shade and Ornament 
length), brush-like, lively blue-green foliage, enclosing its large silvery- 
white bud, with its candelabra-like, upturned ends of branches, it is a 
striking specimen tree. Its unusually deep-growing roots require deep, 
well drained sand soils, and it is difficult to transplant, except in small 
specimens. 
P. echinata Mill. (mitis Mx.) (165), Shortleaf Pine, extending its 
botanical limits into Northern States, compares favorably with any of the 
yellow pines of similar character, and should be more widely planted 
than it is. 
P. glabra Walt. (66), Spruce Pine, one of the far southern species, 
with a very fine, flexible, slender foliage and globular form, is one of 
the most promising ornamental pines for southern planting, although 
as yet hardly known. 
P. ponderosa Dougl. (67), Bull Pine, is a stately and very hardy tree 
from the western mountains; of long, stout, light-colored foliage; re- 
tains its conical shape in deep soils, but flattening its crown in poor 
soils. Its ornamental value is hardly established, but it promises 
well, being at least equal, if not superior, to the Austrian pine which it 
resembles. 
The European species, P. Pinaster Sol. (68) (maritima), Cluster Pine, 
resembling P. Laricio, but not adapted to limestone soils, nor hardy 
with us, offers no special points of ornamental value. 
P. Mughus Scop. (69) and P. Pumilio Haenke (70), (montana Mill), 
the two popular dwarf pines from the Pyrenees and Alps, are shrubs 
rather than trees, growing up with several stems from the ground, or 
at least branching low, and often growing in bush form. Where a low 
mass of foliage is desired, as to hide unsightly places, etc., they furnish 
an excellent material. They are much used in rock gardens and formal 
plantings with other evergreens, and are perfectly hardy. Numerous 
varieties are in existence. 
SPRUCES 
Picea. (Formerly confused with Abies, or the names transposed, 
just as the common names of spruce and fir, and even hemlock, are often 
promiscuously used or interchanged, although the distinction between 
the different genera is easily made.) There are in existence some eigh- 
teen species of northern or alpine range, which are not fit for southern 
planting, although the Norway spruce appears perfectly at home in 
Washington. ‘Tall to medium size, and some small trees; with sharp- 
