Spruces 243 
individuals, but its persistence depends on satisfactory (well watered) 
soil conditions. It varies greatly in individuals. Two nurserymen, 
Koster and Parry, have brought into the market superior specimens of 
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Fic. 79. — Caucasian Spruce. Picea orientalis Carr. 
intense blue color, as Kostertana (7502) and Parryana glauca (750), 
which are secured by grafting on P. excelsa stock. ‘These prove not only 
more generally but more persistently blue, and superior from this point 
of view to the original type. In dry situations, the tree becomes with 
age positively ugly, with a straggling, uneven branch development, 
