2.50 Trees for Shade and Ornament 
HORSE CHESTNUTS OR BUCKEYES 
Zsculus. Large, medium-sized and small trees and shrubs from the 
United States and Asia, of well-appreciated ornamental value, with 
rich, palmate foliage and attractive flowers. They are excellent shade 
trees, requiring, however, rich soil for their best development. 
A. Hippocastanum Linn. (95), Horse Chestnut, from China, nearly 
hardy to Ottawa, is the best known, the largest of the genus, and one 
of the best shade trees. It is a tolerably rapid grower of rather round- 
ish or oval outline, regular, somewhat coarse, at first stiff, branch habit; 
branches becoming pendent with the tips of branches peculiarly curved 
upward, with heavy, luxuriant, deep green, flaccid foliage, becoming 
golden bronzed in autumn, leafing early, but also browning and shed- 
ding its foliage early (August). A profusion of stiff pyramids of white, 
showy flowers (May) is a striking feature, but also adds to its unclean- 
lmess, which is most felt when the large nuts and burs fall in early 
autumn. A ‘‘shot hole” fungus sometimes attacks the leaves, making 
them unsightly with biown specks; it is also liable to sun-scald, but is 
otherwise free from troubles. For wide avenues and public places it is 
one of the best species; also good for lawns singly, being too formal 
in habit to group well. 
A. Pavia Linn. (95) (rubra), Red Buckeye, a small tree native in the 
South, but hardy northward, is commendable for its fine brick-red to 
dark red flowers. There are several forms, varying in color of flowers, 
and a dwarf with pendulous branches. 
A. glabra Willd. (96), Ohto Buckeye and A. octandra (flava) Marsh. 
(97), Sweet Buckeye, natives of the Southern States, deserve much more 
attention than they have so far received. ‘They are small to medium- 
sized trees, lacking the showy flowers of the first two mentioned, having 
pale yellowish-green ones, but a more elegant foliage, and smaller 
fruit with less coarse burs, being therefore more cleanly. Hardy to 
Ottawa, and there hardier than the horse chestnut. 
A. parviflora Walt. (98) (macrostachya), Dwarf Horse Chestnut. 
A native of the Southern States, a large shrub (fifteen to twenty feet), 
sometimes growing into tree form with a broad well-rounded head, is 
a most desirable plant in its proper place, in the Noith hardy to semi- 
hardy in sheltered positions. It is attractive in its dark, smooth, rich 
foliage and peculiar long eiect spikes of white flowers, appearing 
during the scanty flower season (July). It suckers readily, spreading 
