Ash 253 
species, with compound leaves (eight to ten leaflets) and pea-shaped 
pale yellow flowers, is hardy everywhere, easily grown and adaptive, 
and makes one of the best sturdy hedges. 
C. spinosa D C. (103), also from Siberia, similar in leaf and flower, 
is a low shrub (four to six feet) with long, thorny branches, but does 
not appear to make good hedges. It is specially adapted for sandy soils. 
An entirely different type as regards foliage, having only two to 
four leaflets, is represented by- - 
C. frutescens D C. (103 bis), from Southern Russia and China, hardy 
to Ottawa. This is a small tree, half the size of arborescens, and more 
graceful and attractive, with its golden-yellow inch-long flowers. 
Several other Asiatic dwarfs of this genus are found equally hardy 
but without points of superiority, except perhaps C. pygmeaDC., a 
small shrub with fine foliage and handsome golden-yellow flowers. 
Cladrastis. C. fictoria Raf. (104) (Virgilea lutea), Yellow-Wood. 
This small to medium-sized tree, often even shrub-like in habit, of 
limited range in Kentucky and Tennessee, but hardy to semi-hardy into 
Canada, is a first-class ornament for small places, with short trunk and 
spreading branch habit in refined curves. The foliage is made up of 
rather large compound leaves, formed of small, shori, pale green leaflets 
drooping gracefully and turning bright yellow; it has cqually graceful 
loose clusters of fragrant white, pea-shaped, wistaria-like flowers (June), 
hanging from the ends of the little branchlets. The long leaf-stalks, re- 
maining into winter and enclosing the buds, are interesting, but some- 
what detractive from its winter aspect, which otherwise its smooth, gray, 
beech-like bark renders attractive. It is a moderately rapid grower, 
and adaptive to various soils. 
ASH 
Fraxinus. A genus economically very valuable, with thirty to forty 
species of large to small trees, in all parts of the temperate zone; is orna- 
mentally of less value than many others, because of the stiff, open, bare, 
and spreading branch habit. Yet they are interesting in their finely- 
ridged, whitish-gray to dark bark, and their elegant foliage of light hue, 
which, however, is late in making its appearance, and early in falling. 
All are light-needing and of medium rate of growth. Their tracing 
root system permits easy transplanting. They are adaptive to wet 
