256 Trees for Shade and Ornament 
F. quadrangulata Michx. (108), Blue Ash, is adaptive to drier situa- 
tions than the other species. 
Of European species there are two quite distinctive ones, both more 
ormamental in their greenery than the American (but not quite hardy 
at Ottawa): 
F. excelsior Linn. (109), the so-called English Ash, a native of 
Europe, with various varieties, is quite attractive, with its finer, small, 
serrate foliage and black buds. It is liable to a black knot fungus 
disease. 
F. Ornus Linn. (110), Flowering Ash, a small tree from the Mediter- 
ranean countries, with round head, more compact than most ashes, 
with its numerous, white, feathery flowers (May, June), makes an attrac- 
tive tree for small places and in front of groups. 
Gymnocladus. G.Canadensts Lam. (111), Kentucky Coffee Tree, is a 
large tree of southern distribution, but hardy as far as Ottawa. With 
large, very luxuriant, and striking, tropical-looking foliage, similar to 
the Ailanthus, finely-fissured bark, but ragged, stout, somewhat crooked 
and straggling branch system, it is picturesque and interesting rather 
than beautiful, with heavy seed buds and apparently budless, bare 
branches. It is well adapted for suburban street tree-planting, but 
requires deep, rich soil. It is specially free from pests. 
HICKORIES 
Hicoria (Carya). There are nine species of large and small trees, 
all confined to eastern United States. Most of them are of great eco- 
nomical value and some (pecan and shellbark) more prized for their 
fruit than for ornamental and shade purposes; yet the lofty, symmet- 
rical, closely-knit, rather elegant, aspiring form of the large species, 
the rather pale, medium to small sized compound leaves, turning golden 
yellow, the picturesque, somewhat gnarled, pendulous branch system, 
vender them worth while for planters on large grounds, singly in pas- 
tures, or in groves with other trees. Having a very deep root system 
they need deep and preferably rich soil. They are free from insects, 
but suffer, although rarely, from the leaf spot fungus. They are best 
used in single individuals, near houses, in fields, and to accentuate an 
elevation. 
The best species for ornamental use is perhaps: — 
