264 Trees for Shade and Ornament 
are small trees with roundish apple-tree-like outline and open crown, 
growing in any soil, and especially fit for rocky hillsides, by themselves 
as garden trees, or in foreground of conifers to add picturesquesness. 
They are both free from leaf insects, but liable to attacks by the apple 
borer. They are easily transplanted, but not responsive to pruning. 
S. Aria Crantz. (135), White Beam, from Europe, is a small tree 
with conical outline, attractive by its pleasing and distinct deep green, 
deeply cut foliage with downy white underside, which groups well 
with evergreens. 
S. torminalis Crantz. (136), Wild Service Tree, a handsome, small, 
round-headed tree, with spreading habit, and foliage of lobed leaves, 
the upper side dark or bright green, the lower white, turning bright 
red, and with orange-red fruit, is noteworthy for its adaptation to dry 
and exposed sites and especially to limestone soils. 
2. BROAD-LEAF TREES WITH SIMPLE LEAVES 
MAPLES 
Acer. A large genus, with sixty to seventy species of large, medium 
and small-sized trees, and some few shrubs, which comprises the most 
satisfactory group of ornamental trees for lawn and roadside planting, 
of wide range, adaptive to a variety of soils, and most easily transplanted. 
They all have a pleasing diversity of variously cut foliage, quite vari- 
able in outline and color, mostly turning into brilliant tints. The 
majority are of upright habit. They are shade-enduring and as a rule 
rapid growers, generally clean and liable to few insect or other troubles. 
Most of them are fine specimen trees. 
At least five native species have value as ornamental and shade 
trees: 
A, saccharum Marsh (137) (saccharinum), Sugar Maple, the one 
mainly used for sugar orchards, and its southern counterpart, A. 
nigrum (138), Black Maple, usually not recognized as different, are both 
first-class shade and ornamental trees, with a most compact crown of 
globular outline, rather stiff, upright branch habit; the black maple 
leafing out earlier, with darker, less deeply lobed, generally larger, 
and more flaccid foliage; both turning pale yellow in autumn. They 
are moderately rapid and persistent growers, especially in rich soils, 
and very shade-enduring, adaptive to a variety of soils, but best devel- 
