278 Trees for Shade and Ornament 
period. Our species in its youth is of erect symmetrical habit, but in 
time becomes spreading and inclined to low branching, forming a very 
broad, roundish crown with short, pendulous body; it is picturesque 
rather than pleasing in its outline, with a clean, glossy, rather coarse 
foliage. The white, feathery, semi-pendent catkins, in June, lend addi- 
tional attraction and even grace to the flowering tree. It is a very 
rapid grower, and adaptive to a variety of soils except wet and compact 
ones, but needs deep soil for its heart roots. Like all nut trees, it is 
not easily transplanted in older specimens. It is comparatively free 
from insects and other troubles, but unclean, the fall of the long flower 
catkins, of the fruit and its burs, and of the coarse foliage making con- 
tinuous litter. An excellent sprouter, it repairs damage easily, and is 
moderately shade-enduring. It is best used in specimens on large 
grounds, where it may rival the oak in picturesqueness, or else in 
groves. Lately, a most destructive fungus disease has developed in 
this species, which is making havoc in planted as well as in natural 
growths. 
C. pumila Mill. (180), the associated Chinguapin, of more southern 
distribution (from New Jersey south), is a small tree, or more often a 
low shrub, and has a more attractive foliage when in shrub form, namely, 
a narrower and silvery white leaf, a desirable ornament. 
Castanopsis. C.chrysophylla D.C. (181), the Pacific Coast Chingua- 
pin, with a foliage glossy green above and golden-yellow on the under 
side, is hardy only in the South. 
Catalpa. C. cordifolia Jaumel (speciosa). The well-known Catalpa 
or Bean Tree, is one of eight species, native, and from Asia, four of which 
are hardy. Itis a small to medium-sized tree of southern and western 
distribution, but half hardy as far north as Ottawa, and perfectly so in 
New York. It is mainly of interest because of its large, tropical-looking 
and rather ungainly foliage, which is among the latest to appear and the 
earliest to fall, and for its large, upright panicles of striking, white, pur- 
ple-tinged flowers, appearing late (June, July), and for its odd fruit pods 
(beans), which hang on through much of the winter. It has not much 
claim for beauty, with its ungainly, sprawling limbs and unsymmetrical 
outline. The successive fall of its flowers, leaves, and fruit makes it 
uncleanly, although it is free from insects and only occasionally attacked 
by a leaf spot fungus. It is easily transplanted and a very rapid grower 
on good soil, and is satisfied with most soils unless excessively dry. Its 
