Thorn Trees. Hawthorn 283 
of the American stolonifera (196), Red Oster, also both shrubs, are com- 
mendable and hardy. 
C. circinata L’Hert. (197), native from Canada to Florida, is a shrub 
(five to ten feet) with numerov~ slender branches and spreading head, 
especially useful in that it thrives in sandy soils. The white flowers 
appear in flat cymes (May), and are followed by pale blue fruit. 
For early color effect, the European — 
C. Mas Linn. (198), Cornelsan Cherry, half hardy into Canada, a 
small, round-headed tree or shrub, with glossy foliage, and a profuse 
inflorescence of delicately scented, yellow flowers, followed by large, 
elliptical, red fruit, is commendable. 
C. alba Linn. (199) (tartarica, Siberica), an Asiatic, very hardy tree 
species with white flowers and white berries and fine, red branches; 
also several other shrubby forms, e.g., C. Siberica variegata (x992), with 
variegated, yellowish-white and green foliage, are useful for contrasts, 
but the finest of the variegated is C. Spetht (199d), the leaves dark, 
almost bronze in spring, assuming yellow and white margins, which 
persist. 
C. Honda Burg. (200), a recent introduction from Japan, is a small 
tree, similar to C. florida, the flowers appearing after the leaves and 
being whiter and star-shaped, and the bracts (which are the showy 
part) elliptical. It is hardy in Massachusetts. 
THORN TREES. HAWTHORN 
Crategus. A genus of over one hundred and fifty species and many 
varieties, mostly of northern range, furnishes small trees and shrubs, 
highly ornamental throughout all seasons in their form, foliage, flowers, 
fruit. Their form is rather irregular, sometimes straggling, but usually 
sturdy and of roundish outline, and they can be readily trained to any 
desired form. ‘The foliage of each is distinctive, usually prettily cut, 
dense, of lively hue, and turning to various brilliant autumn colors. 
The flowers are white, pink, or scailet, in some cases double and rose- 
like, generally in flat-topped clusters, appearing in the different species 
at different times, and hence may be made effective by grouping them 
together. The apple-like fruit is yellow or red, in a few cases blue, and 
hangs usually long into the winter. They are mostly spiny. 
They grow best in rich loamy soil, but adapt themselves to stiff clay 
as well as to light, sandy soil, They are very hardy, healthy, and 
