308 Trees for Shade and Ornament 
QO. macrocarpa Michx. (286), Bur Oak or Mossy Cup Oak (so called 
from the hairy cup of the acorn), is of more northern distribution, the 
hardiest of them all, a very picturesque tree of more or less fan-shaped 
form, the bark darker than the white oak, and corky on the branches; 
Q. lyrata Walt. (287), Swamp or Over-cup Oak (so called from the 
cup enclosing the acorn entirely), is of more southern distribution, from 
New Jersey to Texas, frequenting moist to swampy situations; forms a 
round-topped head with rather short and somewhat pendulous branches; 
QO. stellata Wangh. (288) (obtusiloba or minor), Post Oak, a smaller 
tree (sixty feet), with a handsome, dense round head, or else with open, 
straggling branch habit, and brownish, fissured bark. It is adapted 
to dry, rocky, or sandy soil. 
Another type of foliage, resembling somewhat the chestnut leaf 
with short, rounded lobes, and hence called Chestnut Oak, is charac- 
teristic of the following three: 
QO. Prinus Linn. (289) (montana), Chesinut Oak, Rock Oak, of wide 
distribution, especially on rocky mountain slopes, and adapted to dry 
soils; a tree not much larger than the Post Oak, with a somewhat 
unsymmetrical broad crown and dark ridgy bark; 
QO. Michauxt Nutt. (290), Basket Oak, Cow Oak, of more southern 
range (from Delaware to Texas), is a larger tree with rather dense 
round head and grows preferably in moist soil; large (four to seven 
inch) foliage, grayish underneath, and a very light gray scaly bark; 
QO. Muhlenberg Engelm. (291), Yellow Chestnut Oak, of southern 
and western range, is a large tree with a narrow round-topped head, 
particularly attractive in its handsome foliage, which is glossy above 
and silvery white beneath, and with light gray flaky bark. 
B. BLACK OAKS 
Q. velutina Lam. (292) (tinctoria), Black Oak, Quercitron Oak, is 
the type of the black oaks; ranging from Maine to Texas; a tall tree 
with rather slender branches forming a narrow open head, the leaves 
very large (up to ten inches), very symmetrically cut, dark green above 
and yellowish brown beneath, turning orange; the bark almost black, 
and ridgy (the inner bark orange, whence the name Quercitron). It is 
a very rapid grower, adapted to any soil. 
Q. rubra Linn. (293), Red Oak, of as wide range and of the same 
dimensions as the preceding, but with its stout spreading branches 
