350 List of Shrubs 
grant, white, small flowers (May, June), followed by bright blue berries 
in September, which form its chief attraction. 
VARIOUS SHRUBS (Alphabetically Arranged) 
Acer, Maple, see Tiees [List C]. 
Aesculus, Buckeye or Ho se-chestnut. See Trees [List B}. 
Aralia, 1ugelica Tree, Hercu'es Club, sce Trees [List B.] 
Alnus, Alder, see Trees [List C]. 
Althea, see Hibiscus. 
Ash (Fraxinus), see Trees [List B]. 
Baccharis. B. hamilifolia Linn. (144), Groundsel, a tall to medium 
shrub (twelve feet or less), belonging to the Thistle family, native from 
New England south, is most useful for its adaptation to the seashore and 
salt marshes and almost any other situation. It is ornamental in some de- 
gree, by virtue of the dark, lustrous, persistent foliage, the terminal, dense 
panicles of small yellow flowers on the male specimens, and the very showy, 
snow-white, long hairy pappus on the females, the sexes appearing on 
different individuals. It is also adapted to dry, rocky places as well as 
to the seashore, and to give woodsy effect. It prefers sunny situations. 
Berberis (Mahonia). Barberry. Some hundred species and several 
varieties of low shrubs, natives of Europe, Asia, and America; foliage, 
flower, and fruit being decorative. The leaf stems are more or less 
beset with small spines, making them hard to handle. The leaves in 
the Mahonia group are often fluted or crinkly, holly-like, holding their 
color well, some of them evergreen, and all retaining their leaves long, 
and assuming various gorgeous autumn hues. The early flowers are 
small, and of yellow hues. The fruit, scarlet or crimson, blue or black, 
hangs on long into winter, and, being acid, makes an excellent preserve. 
They are very adaptive to soils, in fact thrive better in dry than in moist 
soils, endure shade well, and are hardy to semi-hardy. A rust fungus 
(wheat rust) makes them the host plant for one phase of its existence, 
but is hot destructive. They are excellent for low hedges, and as filler 
and accent shrubs. 
B, Canadensis Mill. (145), the native dwarf (one to three feet) from 
the southern Alleghanies, and — 
B. vulgaris Linn. (146), the European Barberry (six to ten feet), 
show few differences, except that the latter is larger and more pro- 
nounced in all its characteristics, — bristly leaves, bright flowers, and 
