138 THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 
or four spouts. The average tree will yield from 
twenty-five to thirty gallons of sap in a good season, 
from which two quarts of Syrup or four pounds of 
sugar will be produced. 
While maple syrup and sugar are common enough 
throughout the northeastern States, the undiluted article 
is rarely found in the city store, and only those who 
have attended a sugaring-off party in the “bush” where 
maple goodies are made by pouring the boiling sap 
upon the snow to cool, can realize the real sugar flavor. 
Under such circumstances the taste excels most of the 
confections sold in shops. 
Paper-making.—While the story of how paper is made 
may not have the same interest attached to it as hag 
something good to, eat, nevertheless the manufacture of 
paper stock for magazines and books from forest trees 
constitutes an interesting chapter in the story of the 
forest. 
While paper was made from many kinds of fibrous 
matter by the Chinese at a very early date, the 
vegetable kingdom seems to have supplied the bulk of 
the writing material from the very beginning. In fact 
the word paper is derived from ““papyrus,’’ the name 
of a reed which grew in the delta country of Hgypt. The 
earliest paper of which there is record ig that used by 
the Arabs in the ninth century and some very interest- 
Ing manuscripts written on paper of that period are still 
in existence. This paper was made of the wood of the 
cotton plant which was reduced to a pulp by a process 
discovered by the Chinese and learned from them by, 
the Arabs. 
Paper was used in England commencing about the 
fourteenth century but for a long time was made from 
rags and scraps of parchment. This rag paper made 
