142 THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 
most important products for export were the so-called 
naval stores, the turpentine and rosin extracted from 
the resinous sap of the Georgia pine. At the present 
time this is still a business of considerable magnitude, 
for each year products aggregating $25,000,000 are 
manufactured. On account of the character of the 
Southern forests the manufacture of naval stores is an 
industry devoid of risk and romance but a story of 
how turpentine and rosin is made may be instructive. 
Practically speaking only the longleaf or Georgia pine 
furnishes resin of the composition from which tur- 
pentine can be made. From the sap of the Cuban and 
other pines, naval stores are extracted but the amount 
they furnish is quite small by comparison. 
The steps in making turpentine are as follows: 
Close to the ground a deep notch pointing in toward the 
center is cut in the large trees. This notch, called 
the “box,” collects the resinous exudation which oozes 
from the cuts on the bark above. Hach week a new 
streak is hacked which exposes a new portion of the 
bark farther up the tree, thus opening fresh tubes and 
keeping the tree bleeding continually. A _ certain 
amount of the resin dries before it has flowed down 
to the box and this portion may be scraped from the 
tree afterward. The fluid resin which collects in the 
box is dipped out with a paddle and carried to the 
turpentine still in barrels where it is heated in a copper 
kettle, equipped with a long coiled pipe or worm which 
serves to condense the turpentine which distills over. 
The most up-to-date orchards collect the resin in a 
Herty cup instead of the old-fashioned ‘‘box.’’ This 
cup may be moved up the tree as the occasion demands 
and as a result more turpentine is obtained by reducing 
vvaporation. Progressive operators are using the cup 
