180 THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 
I. GYMNOSPERMS 
CONIFERS AND YEW 
THE PINES * 
Leaves needle-shaped in bundles. Leaves 2-5 in a 
bundle; remain on the tree the year round. 
WHITE PINE RED PINE PITCH PINE 
Pinus strobus Pinus resinosa Pinus rigida 
LEAVES LEAVES LEAVES 
In bundles of 5, in | In bundles of 2 each, | In bundles of 3, short 
length 38’-4”.| 5-6” long, soft| stiff, yellowish 
Bluish green in| and flexible. (Aus-| green, 3’’-5’long. 
color, flexible. trian pine, also two- 
leaved, has much 
stiffer needles.) 
CoNnzES CoNngESs CoNES 
5-7” long, borne on | 2’-24”" long, borne | 1’’-3” long, borne on 
long curved stalk. on short stalks. short stalk often in 
clusters, cone scales 
have prickles. 
Cones often remain 
10~12 years on tree. 
RANGE RANGE RANGE 
Maine to Minnesota; |Maine to Minnesota; |New Brunswick 
south along Appa-~; South to Pennsyl-| south to Georgia; 
lachians to Georgia.} vania. west to Tennessee. 
1 There are in all thirty-five native pines in the United States. 
Twenty-two hard pines, one red pine, and twelve soft pines. 
Two foreign pines are extensively planted throughout the east, 
the Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and the Austrian pine (Pinus 
austriaca). Both have their leaves in bundles of two. The 
Scotch pine has needles from 1 to 1% inches long, stiff with 
a grayish bloom upon them. The orange color of the bark of the 
smaller limbs and the upper trunk 18 very distinctive. The 
Austrian pine resembles the native red or Norway pine but its 
leaves are much stiffer. They are from 3 to 5 inches long. 
