190 THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 
SPRUCES 
Leaves not in bundles but scattered singly over the 
twigs. Leaves raised on small cushions which cause a 
roughness of the twigs after leaves have fallen. 
RED SPRUCE 
Picea rubens 
LEAVES 
A sided, 3-3” long, dark green, often 
with yellow tinge. Remain on tree 
5-6 years. 
CONES 
7-2” 1ong, borne on very short 
stalks, bright green before mature, 
light brown when ripe. 
RANGE 
New England and New York, south 
to West Virginia and Tenneesee. 
In addition to the red spruce of the North Woods 
there is the black spruce and cat spruce common to 
New England; the Engelmann and Colorado spruce 
of the Rockies and two others of little economic im- 
portance (seven in all). 
