TREES AND SHRUBS 201 
It. ANGIOSPERMS 
THE HARDWOODS 
In contrast with the previous naked seed family 
ealled the gymnosperms, the broadleaf trees or hard- 
woods belong to the family (angiosperms) whose seed 
is borne in a closed cavity. 
While the hardwoods form only about one-fifth of the 
total annual cut of lumber yet their relative importance 
is greater than this proportion would indicate. Furni- 
ture, flooring, agricultural implements, wagon stock, 
ete., all draw the bulk of their supplies from the hard- 
wood forests. The habit of the so-called hardwood group 
to shed their leaves in winter makes a knowledge of 
their buds essential if the tree is to be recognized the 
year round, but to a beginner, the ability to identify 
the tree in its summer condition is the most important. 
As it happens the list of trees as arranged by the 
scientist is headed by-some of the trees dearest to the 
heart of the average boy, for some of the most common 
and best known nut-hearing varieties are first in order. 
