KEY TO SPECIES 283 
b. Resin ducts mostly conspicuous, not numerous. 
61. Resin ducts very small, mostly invisible to 
naked eye. Marked contrast in color 
between heartwood and sapwood. Color, 
yellowish brown. 
TAMARACK—Lariz americana 
62. Resin ducts somewhat larger, usually visible 
to naked eye; oval in cross-section. 
Grain usually straight, sometimes wavy. 
Color reddish yellow or dark red. 
RED FIR—Pseudotsuga taxifolia 
2. Heartwood and sapwood nearly the same shade. 
a. Resin ducts mostly small, scattered and scarcely 
visible without lens, being of same color as sur- 
rounding wood. Wood light, soft and uniform 
throughout; color white or very light. 
RED SPRUCE—Picea rubens 
B. Resin ducts mostly absent; sometimes present as a 
result of injury. 
1. Heartwood and sapwood of different color. 
a. Resin cells numerous, often conspicuous to naked 
eye. 
al. Odorless and tasteless. Sapwood thin, straw- 
colored to nearly white, heartwood light 
cherry. Texture coarse. Resin masses 
in resin cells prominent; appear (under 
lens) as rows of black or amber beads, 
when cells are cut lengthwise. 
REDWOOD—Sequoia sempervirens 
a2. Aromatic odor, little difference in spring and 
summer wood, sapwood white, heartwood 
deep reddish brown, occasional flecks of 
white sapwood found in the heart. Resin 
cells very numerous, deeply colored, visible 
under lens, but do not have bead-like 
appearance. 
RED CEDAR—Juniperus virginiana 
