292 
THE BOOK OF FORESTRY 
USES OF THE PRINCIPAL AMERICAN SPECIES—Continued 
Maxzi~ 
mum 
g Common and Diam- Distribution. Qualities and Uses. 
and 
Height. 
White elm (Ulmus |11 X120| Newfoundland to | Very heavy, hard, tough, 
americana). Rocky Moun-| cross-grained. Used for 
tains, south to implements, hubs, wagon 
gulf. parts, cooperage, handles, 
etc. 
Basswood or linden |44 X140} New Brunswick to | Light, soft, seasons excel- 
Minnesota, south 
to Texas and 
Georgia. 
(Talua americana) 
4100) Maine to Minne- 
sota, south to 
the Gulf. 
White oak (Quer- 
cus alba). 
lently, even-grained, tough. 
Used for woodenware, ex- 
celsior, cooperage, veneer 
backing, trunks, and gen- 
eral lumber. 
Hard, strong, durable, and 
seasons well. se for 
ships, furniture, ties, 
cooperage, veneers, floor- 
ing and cabinet work. 
Other oaks classed as white oaks and used for the same purposes are post, 
burr, rock, swamp white, cow and live oaks. 
Eastern and Southern States. 
4150} Nova Seotia to 
Minnesota and 
south to Georgia 
and Kansas. 
Red oak (Quercus 
rubra). 
4.100! Maine to Minne- 
sota, Florida and 
Texas, 
Black oak(Quercus 
velutina). 
All of these are found in the 
Similar to white oak, but 
not as hard, strong or as 
durable. Used for furni- 
ture, ties, interior finish 
and general hardwood lum- 
e 
r. 
Wood is strong, heavy, and 
hard but not tough. Used 
for about same purposes as 
red oak. Its mner bark 
is rich in tannin and very 
bitter. It was formerly in 
great demand as a source 
of yellow dye. Hence 
black oak is sometimes 
known as yellow oak. 
(Other oaks classed as black oaks and used for the same’ purposes are scar- 
let, pin, Spanish, and water oaks. 
5 X125| Found everywhere 
east of the prai- 
ries. 
Sugar or hard 
maple (Acer sac- 
charum). 
4 X120} Maine to Minne- 
sota, Florida and 
Texas. 
5 X100} Newfoundland to 
Minneosta south 
to Gulf. 
Red Maple (Acer 
rubrum). 
White ash (Fraz- 
inus americana). 
All are found in the Hast. 
Hard, heavy, strong, tough 
but not durable. Used for 
furniture, cabinets, tools, 
implements, instruments, 
and, flooring. 
Wood heavy, close-grained 
but not strong. Used for 
furniture, wooden ware, 
tannery and fuel. 
Heavy, hard, tough, seasons 
well, Used for all kinds 
of implements, furniture, 
ball bats, handles, vehicles, 
etc. 
