DEFINITION OF TERMS 301 
Cookee. Assistant cook and dishwasher in a logging camp. 
Coppice. A forest grown from sprouts. 
Crown. The upper part of a tree, including the living branches 
with their foliage. 
Crown Density. The density of the crowns of the trees ina forest. 
It is usually measured by the extent to which the ground is shaded, 
and expressed as a decimal, .4 or .7, etc. 
Cruise. To estimate the amount and value of standing timber. 
Cruiser. One who makes a business of cruising timber. Some- 
times called a ‘‘ land looker.” 
Culled Forest. Forest from which cuttings by selection have 
removed a portion of the trees. 
Cut. A season’s output of logs. 
Cut Over, To. To cut most or all of the merchantable timber 
in a forest. . ; 
Cut-over Forest. Forest in which most or all of the merchantable 
timber has been cut. 
Cutting. A piece of a leaf, stem, or root which when inserted 
in moist material is capable of sending out roots and forming a new 
plant; a slip. 
Cutting Area. The area over which cuttings are to be or have 
been made. 
Deadhead. A sunken or partly sunken log. 
Diameter, Breasthigh. The diameter of a tree at 44 feet above 
the ground. 
Diameter Class. All trees in a stand whose diameters are within 
prescribed limits. 
Diameter Growth. The increase in diameter of a tree. 
Diameter Tape. A tape for ascertaining the diameter of trees, 
so graduated that the diameter, corresponding to the girth of a 
tree, 1s read directly from the tape. 
Dabble. A tool for making holes for planting seeds or young trees. 
Diecious. Male and female flowers borne on different plants. 
Dominant. Having the crown free to light on all sides because 
of greater height. 
oty. Decayed. . ; 
Drive. A body of logs or timber in process of being floated 
from the forest to the mull or shipping point. 
Dry Topped. Having a dead or a partially defoliated crown, 
or discolored foliage, as the result of injury or disease. 
Duffle. The personal belongings of a woodsman or lumberjack 
which he takes into the woods. —_ ; 
Fail Spot. A place where natural or artificial reproduction has 
failed. " 
False Ring. The layer of wood, less than a full season’s growth, 
and seldom extending around the stem, which is formed whenever 
the diameter growth of a tree is interrupted and begins agam during 
the same growing season. ; 
Filer. One who files the crosscut saws in the woods. ; 
Final Yield. All material derived from reproduction cuttings 
or clean cuttings. Jt is usually the chief crop, and marks the end 
of the rotation. 
