DEFINITION OF TERMS 307 
& protection against wind, and a snowbreak when maintained as 
& protection against snow. 
Shrub. A woody plant with no main stem or trunk. 
Silvics. The science which treats of the life of trees in the forest. 
Silviculture. The art of producing and tending a forest; the 
application of the knowledge of silvics in the treatment of a forest. 
Skid. 1. To draw logs from the stump to the skidway, landing, 
or mill. 2. As applied to a road, to re-enforce by placing logs or 
poles across it. 
Skid Road. 1. A road or trail leading from the stump to the 
skidway or landing. 2. A road over which logs are dragged, having 
heavy transverse skids partially sunk in the ground, usually at 
intervals of about 5 feet. 
Slash. 1. The debris left after logging, wood or fire. 2. Forest 
land which has been logged off and upon which the limbs and 
tops remain, or which is deep in debris as the result of fire or 
wind. 
Slide. A trough built of logs or timber, used to transport logs 
down. a slope. 
Snowbreak. 1. The breaking of trees by snow. 2. An area on 
which trees have been broken by snow. 
Snub. To check, usually by means of a snub line, the speed of 
logging sleds or logs on steep slopes, or of a log raft. 
Soil. In forest description the origin, composition, depth and 
moisture if the forest soil are considered under soil. 
Species. A division of a genus, the plants of which seem to be 
derived from an immediate common anscestor. 
Splash Dam. A dam built to store a head of water for driving 
ogs. 
Spring Board. A short board, shod at one end with an iron calk, 
which is inserted in a notch cut in a tree, on which the feller stands 
while felling the tree. 
Sprinkler. A large wooden tank from which water is sprinkled 
over logging roads during freezing weather in order to ice the 
surface. 
Sprout. A tree which has grown from a stump or root. <A shoot 
is a sprout which has not teached a height of 3 feet. 
Sprout Forest. A forest consisting wholly or mainly of sprouts. 
Sprout Method. That method of conservative lumbering in 
which reproduction is obtained by sprouts. 
Spud. A tool for removing bark. 
Stand. All growing trees in a forest or in part of a forest. 
Standard. A tree from 1 to 2 feet in diameter, breasthigh. 
Stand Table. A tabular statement of the number of trees of each 
species and diameter class upon a given area. 
Stem. The trunk of a tree. The stem may extend to the top 
of the tree, as in some conifers, or it may be lost in the ramification 
of the crown, as in most broadleaf trees. In tree description the 
stem is described as long or short, straight or crooked, cylindrical 
or tapering, smooth or knotty. ; 
Storage Boom. A strong boom used to hold logs in storage at 
a sawmill. 
