Pumping Stations. 135 



attention. Steam is generated by two groups of boilers, each con- 

 sisting of five, of a compound, double-flued type, with Galloway 

 tubes and horizontal marine tubes. At the official trial made in May 

 1875 the consumption of fuel was 2 J lb. per indicated horse-power 

 per hour, or 4 lb. per horse-power of water lifted — doubtless the best 

 result obtained on drainage works up to that time. All these pumps 

 worked continuously day and night from the loth October, 1878, to 

 31st May, 1879, in a satisfactory manner. Since the latter date the 

 seasons have been drier and the work lighter. These engines and 

 pumps are at the present time in perfect order, the cost for repair 

 having been very light In April 1887 Messrs. J. and H. Gwynne 

 received a certificate from the engineer-in-chief of the pumping 

 station, Sig. Ardizzoni, stating that, notwithstanding the excessive 

 work they had undergone since their erection, the pumps had never 

 wanted the slightest repair, and that the machinery was then in perfect 

 working condition, and splendid results had been obtained from it. 

 About the same time that these pumps were put up by Messrs, 

 Gwynne, four scoop wheels were fixed by a Dutch firm for draining 

 the Marrozzo Marshes on the other side of the river Volano. In 

 accordance with the recommendation of a commission of engineers 

 these were afterwards taken down and replaced by Messrs. J. and H. 

 Gwynne with two of their centrifugal pumps calculated to discharge, 

 each, 9951 cubic feet (277 tons) a minute. The new pumps are 

 worked by the existing engines, and in addition a supplementary 

 compound engine and pump, to discharge 70 tons a minute, is added. 

 Although the large pumps measure 17 feet over their cases, their 

 weight is hardly one-fourth of that of the four wheels which they 

 replaced. The old foundations were utilised to a large extent, and 

 the suction pipes dip into the old wheel pits. The pumps^ since 

 they have been put to work, have acted very successfully, keeping 

 the water down with great ease during the winter, only one pump 

 being required. It is considered that one of the large pumps does 

 as much work as was done by the four wheels combined. 



A plan showing the general arrangement of these pumps and an 

 elevation of the building will be found on Plate 7. 



Fos, Bouches-du-Rh6ne, Souxii of France.— In this district 

 large reclamation works were carried out in 1884-85. Pumping ws-S 

 required, and Messrs. J. and H. Gwynne were commissioned to erect 

 at Fos a pair of their " Invincible" compound direct-acting eentrifugal 

 pumping engines, each pump to raise 60 to 70 tons per minute; 



