WOAB OF ECONOMIC PLANTS. 441 



means the sweet bread of lieaven. It possesses no puigative 

 properties. 



A similar kind of manna is produced on a species of Willow 

 {Salix mcmnifera ?) which is common at Van and Armenia. 

 During the summer season the leaves and branches become 

 covered with a syrupy fluid, which is said to be the production 

 of a small insect (a species of bug), common on these trees. 



It is probable that these mannas are not the exudations of 

 the sap of the trees, but secretions of insects similar to the 

 honey-dew common on lime trees in this country. 



Winterberry, a name in Forth America for the species of 

 PrinoSj a genus of the Holly family (Aquifoliaceae) ; they are 

 bushy evergreen shrubs with oblong, lanceolate, smooth leaves, 

 and small inconspicuous iSowers. P. verticillahcs, P. glctber, and 

 P. hwiclus have been long cultivated as ornamental shrubs in 

 this country. 



Winter's Bark (Di imys Wintcri), a small tree of the Mag- 

 nolia family (Magnoliaceae), native of Terra del Fuego, and extend- 

 ing northwards through Chili. It has beautifully smooth leaves, 

 of an oblong lance form, generally silvery white on the under 

 side. The bark was brought into repute by Captain Winter as an 

 antiscorbutic, so long ago as 1579, he having found it very 

 efficacious in cases of scurvy among his crews. Other remedies, 

 however, having since been discovered, it has fallen into disuse. 



Winter Cherry (Pliysalis Alhekengi), a peiennial herb of 

 the Nightshade family (Solanacese), native of the South of 

 Europe, having fruit like a small cherry, which becomes enclosed 

 in the enlarged leafy permanent calyx ; in some parts the fruit is 

 eaten, but is much surpassed by what is called the Cape Goose- 

 berry (Physalis edtohs)^ a native of tropical America. It is 

 a weak sub-erect plant, cultivated in some gardens for its 

 fine-flavoured luscious fruit. 



Winter Green. {See Shallon.) 



Witches. (See Club Moss.) 



Woad, also known by the name of Dyer^S Weed (Isatis 

 tinctoria), a biennial of the Cabbage family (Cruciferse), attain- 



