4 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



attended the 11th Conference on Iroquois Eesearch at Red House, 

 N". Y., in October 1957. At these latter two professional meetings he 

 delivered three papers. In December 1957 he attended the Ameri- 

 can Anthropological Association meetings in Chicago (where he also 

 examined an important collection of Seminole artifacts and a large 

 newly discovered collection of early photographs of the Seminole). 



In May and June 1958, Dr. Sturtevant returned for three weeks 

 to the Allegany Reservation, where he concentrated on study of social 

 organization, particularly residence patterns. These data should 

 prove valuable for comparison with similar information, as yet un- 

 published, collected some 25 years ago on this reservation by Dr. Wil- 

 liam N. Fenton. Furthermore, the community studied is threatened 

 with removal to make way for flooding of a large part of the reserva- 

 tion by the proposed Kinzua dam. If the dam is built, present resi- 

 dence patterns can then be compared with residence after relocation 

 of the community. The nearly unanimous opposition of the Indians 

 to relocation makes research of this sort rather difficult. 



Dr. Sturtevant's office work included continuation of his research 

 on the Florida Seminole, on which a paper was published in Publica- 

 tion No. 5 of the Florida Anthropological Society, and work on a 

 paper on the historical ethnobotany of the cycad Zamia. 



At the beginning of the fiscal year Carl F. Miller was continuing 

 the excavations by the Smithsonian Institution-National Geographic 

 Society Expedition at Russell Cave in Alabama. The work continued 

 until the end of August, and during that period a section of the cave 

 floor was excavated to a depth of 32 feet, where a water table was 

 encountered and it was necessary to stop the digging. During the 

 course of the work the skeletal remains of a very young infant were 

 found at a depth of approximately 4 feet. On the basis of a carbon- 

 14 date obtained during the previous season's investigations at the 

 cave, it is estimated that the burial was approximately 5,000 years 

 old. There were no accompanying mortuary offerings, but the de- 

 posits where the remains were interred indicated that the Early 

 Woodland Period was represented. The partially flexed remains of 

 an adult male were found 8i^ feet below the floor level and it also 

 lacked any accompanying offerings. The burial probably was made 

 about 7,000 years ago. The material from the deposits indicates that 

 pottery making began in that area at about 3500 B. C. Prior to that 

 time the people apparently had a completely hunting- fishing economy. 

 A large series of implements, discarded animal bones, and other ma- 

 terials was obtained from the lower deposits, and at a depth of 23 

 feet the remains of a hearth were uncovered. Charcoal from that 

 hearth was recently dated by Dr. H. R. Crane at the University of 

 Michigan as being 9,020 ±350 years old. The Russell Cave Expedi- 



