14 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



covered two basin-shaped pits with burned, bright orange-colored 

 walls. One of these pits was associated with a few scattered post 

 molds. The recovered artifacts suggest a Middle Woodland occupa- 

 tion and include cord-marked pottery, crude triangular projectile 

 points, stone end scrapers, elk or deer bone and antler tools, small 

 shell disk beads, and concentrations of hematite. The middle occupa- 

 tion was apparent in a large strata trench, where six cache pits with 

 slightly convex bottoms and undercut walls were excavated. Fill 

 within the pits included an abundance of Monroe, Anderson, and 

 Foreman pottery that relates to an early, rectangular-house occupa- 

 tion. Bone and stone implements were also numerous, but no archi- 

 tectural features were found. The late occupation was represented 

 in the excavations by the remains of a large, circular earth lodge. 

 A central fire hearth, basin- and bell-shaped cache pits, and second- 

 ary fire hearths were excavated within the house. The ceramic col- 

 lections from the house fill consist of at least nine pottery types, 

 suggesting a long and varied occupation. The post-mold pattern of 

 the house was poorly defined in some places, but the general pattern 

 was unmistakable. 



The second village location excavated by the Neuman party was 

 the Akichita site (39BF221). There, three midden areas were 

 sampled extensively, and an abundance of artifacts and refuse was 

 recovered, but no houses were located. One bell-shaped cache pit was 

 dug. Artifacts collected suggest close affiliation with the older 

 levels at the Dodd site (39ST30) near Pierre, S. Dak. It was felt at 

 the end of the season that additional work was needed there, particu- 

 larly an effort to determine the architectural pattern of the houses. 

 A third site excavated was the Olson Mound (39BF223). It was a 

 low, circular earth mound 1.5 feet high and 40 feet in diameter. No 

 pottery and very few bone or stone artifacts were recovered from the 

 fill. In the center, and on the base of the mound, there was a con- 

 centration of badly decomposed human bones, suggesting the second- 

 ary burial of an undetermined number of individuals. The cultural 

 affiliation of the complex has not yet been determined. The final site 

 excavations by the Nemnan party were at the Truman Mound site 

 (39BF224). The latter consisted of a group of four low, circular 

 mounds in a line along the terrace edge, each measuring about 2 feet 

 in height and 50 feet in diameter. Three of the mounds contained 

 primary and/or secondary burials. One mound contained a deep, 

 oval pit extending 6 feet below its top surface. A flexed burial, shell 

 pendants, pottery sherds, and bone and shell tools were recovered 

 from both the pit and the mound fill. Another of the mounds had a 

 rectangular design of small rocks on its top surface and contained 

 secondary burials. One skull displayed a large cut hole in the left 



