16 h SYNOPSIS OF TRE NATURAL ORDEES. 



segments, one longest with fil. laterally toothed. ^>vary 3-celled, cells 

 many-ovnled, style slender. Caps, memhranoua , loculicidally 3-valved. 

 Seeds small, endosp. floury, emhryo cylindric. — Aquatic herbs, erect, creep- 

 ing or floating. Leaves often with tumid spongy petioles. Scape erect, 

 from the leaf-sheaths. Fl. in spikes or racemes, hlue. 



CXIII. CoMMBLiNACE^. Floiuers more or less irreg., 2-sexual. Perianth 

 6-part., in 2 series, marcescent. Stam. 6, at the hase of the per.-seg- 

 ments, all or 3 only perf., fil. often bearded. Ovary 3-celled, cells, 1-few- 

 ovtiled, style often bearded and enlarged below the tip. Caps, loculici- 

 dal. E)idosp. floury, embryo minute.— Herbs or nndershrubs with altern. 

 leaves sheathing at their bases. Fl. in cymes or panicles. 



Sub-division 4. Calycin^, Peri'intJi infer., lobes or segments 

 2-seriate, inner series rarely corolline. Ovary super., 1-3 -ceiled. 

 Endosp. copions. 



OXIV. JiTNCACE^ (Juncus). Perianth infer., 6-part., in 2 series, per- 

 sist., segments narrow. 8tam, 6 or 3, on bases of per.-segments; anth, erect, 

 basifised. Ouo.'"?/ 1-or 3-celled, many-ovaled, stigmas 3. Caps. 1-3-celled, 

 loculicidally 3 valved. 8eeds many, erect, endosp. hard, embryo small. 

 Annual or perennial herbs with terete or compressed sheathing leaves, or 

 the leaves often reduced to sheaths. Fl, in axillary or term, cymes. 



CXV, Palm^e. Floivers mostly 1-sexual. Perianth infer., 6-part. 

 or-lobed, in 2 series. Stam. usually 6, on base of per., anth. versatile. 

 Ovary 1-3-celled, or of three distinct or connate carp., cells 1-2-ovuled, — 

 Shrubs or trees, armed or not. Stem erect, scandent or decumbent. 

 Leaves altern., variously compound. Inflor. various, at first inclosed in 

 a woody or coriaceous spathe. Fl. usually small, green or yellowish. 



Sub-division 5. Nudiflor^. Perianth 0, or of scales or 

 bristles. Ovary super., 1-2-celled. Endosp. usually present. 



* Inflor. inclosedj in a {sometimes imperfect) spathe. 



CXVI Typhace^. Flowers monoecious, minute, densely crowded in 

 globose or cylindric 1-sexual bracteate spikes. Male-pl.:— 5'tam. 1 or more, 

 fil. capillary, anth. basifixed, erect, 2-celled. 'Eem..--pl.i— Ovary 1-2-celled, 

 1-ovuled (often imperfect in Typha). Fruit small membranous or drupace- 

 ous (laterally dehiscent in lypha). Endosp. floury or bony, embryo 

 cylindric— Aquatic or marsh perennial herbs. Leaves linear, erect or 

 floating. 



CXVII. Arace^. Flowers small, l-sexnal (2-sexual in Acorus), usually 

 on a 2-sexual spadix, with the fem.-fl. below. Perianth 0. (of 6 orbicular 

 sep, in Acorus). Male-fl.:— J.wt^. 2-4-celled, free or connate. Fem.- 

 ■FJj.: — Ovary sessile, 1-3-celled; cells 1 -or more -ovuled. i^rmY a 1-or few- 

 seeded berry. Emhryo small, in copious endosp., or macropodous and 

 -without endosp. — Terrestrial or aquatic herbs with radical leaves, or 

 suffruticose climbers. Leaves various. Spathe herbaceous, convolute. 



