SYNOPSIS OF TE:£ yATURAL ORDERS. 3 



jpel 1, few-OTuled. Frwii fleshy. Shrubs with yellow wood. Leaves spiny- 

 toothed, imparipinnate, or 1-f oliolate and fascicled in the axils of stipular 

 •Bpines. 



VI. NTMPHJBACE.aE3. Sep. 4-5. Pet. and stavn. many. Carpels many, in 

 pits of the torus or confluent with it. Ovary 1-or more-ovuled. Fr%it a 

 spongy herry, or of nuts sunk in pits of the turbinate torus.— Aquatic 

 herbs, leaves usually peltate. 



** Ovary syncarpous, 1-celled, or 2-celled in Polygaleae ; placentas parietal, 

 sometimes meeting to form a 2-or more-celled fruit. 



YIl. Papavbraoe^. Flowers veg. or irreg. Sep. 2 or 3, caducous- 

 •Pet. twice the sep. Stam. indef., free, or (in Fumaria) 6 and diadelph. 

 Ovary 1-celled ; ovules 2 or more, on parietal placentas. Fruit a capsule, 

 or an indehiscent 1-seeded nut.— Herbs with milky or coloured juice 

 (except in Fumaria). Leaves altern., exstip. 



VJIL CEueiFBua:. Sep./^, imbricate. Pet. 4, rarely 0. Stam. 6, the i 

 inner longest (tetradynamous). Ovary usually 2-celled by a membrance 

 from the placenta, or 1-celled. Fruit a 2-valved pod, rarely indehiscent or 

 transversely septate.— Herbs with altern. exstipulate leaves. 



IX. Cappabide^. Sep. 4. Fet. usually 4, rarely 0. Stam. 4-many, at 

 (the base or on the sides of an elongated torus. Ovary sessile or stalked, 

 1-celled ; ovules many, on 2-5 parietal placentas. Fruit capsular or a 

 berry. Endosperm 0.— Trees, shrubs or herbs, with altern. simple or com- 

 pound leaves ; stip. spinescent in Capparis. 



X. Eesedace^ (Oligomeris). — Cat. 4-part. Stam.Z-S. Ovar'j/ 1 -celled, 

 >of 4 connate carpels, 4-lobed and open at the top. Fruit a capsule. Seeds 



many, without endosperm. — Herbs with linear fascicled leaves. 



XI. ViOLACE^. Ploiuers reg. or irreg. jSepals 5, imbricate, persistent. 

 .Fet. and stam. 5 ; connective of 2 anthers appendaged. Disk annular in 



Msodeia, Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Capsule 3-valved. — 

 'Herbs or shrubs, with altern.^usually stip. leaves. 



XII. BixiNB^. Pio^yeJ•s 1-ior 2-sexual. /Sfep. usually 4-5. Pet. 4-5 or 0, 

 imbricate or contorted in bud. Stam, many, free, inserted on a disk-like 

 receptacle. Ovar^ 1-celled, or apparently 2-8 celled. .Frwtt capsular or a 

 berry. Endosperm oily.— Trees or shrubs, with alt. simple leaves ; stip. 

 minute or 0. 



XIII. PiTOSPOBE^ (Pittosporum). Flowers reg. Sep. and pet. 5. Stam. 

 .5, free. Ovary 1-celled, or incompletely 2-3-celled. Capsule 2-valve(l. 

 .Endosp, copious. — Shrubs with altern. simple exstip. leaves. 



XIV. PoLYGALE^ (Polygala). Flowe^-s irreg. Sep. 5, unequal, the 2 

 inner petaloid. Pet. 5 or 3, connate below with the fil. Stam. 8, 1-adelph.; 

 anthers opening by pores. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each 

 cell. Fruit a 2-celled, 2-seeded capsule opening loculicidally. Seeds 

 usually strophiolate.— Usually herbs with altern. simple exstip. leaves. 

 *** Ovary syncarpous, 1-celled ; ovules on a free central or hasal placenta. 



XV. Cabyophtlle^. Floivers reg. Sep. 4-5, free or connate. Pet, 

 4)-5. Stam. usually twice the pet., rarely fewer. Styles 2--5. CapsHU, 



