142 ^ UTA CE^. [Fbbonia. 



cultivated at Saharanpur and Delhi. The reddish rind is oily and strongly 

 aromatic, and the leaf has the characteristrc scent of that of the Keonla. 

 The Portugal or Malta race includes the well-known ' blood-orange, ' which 

 was introduced from Malta in 1852-56 by Colonel Clarke, and grown at 

 Gujranwala in the Punjab, where it still retains its excellent character. 

 This orange was also introduced at Lucknow by Dr. Bonavia a few years 

 later. The true Mandarin orange ia a native of) China and Cochin China. 

 It is cultivated in Ceylon, but is not found in Upper India, the climate 

 being too hot and dry. It is a very small flat dark-coloured orange with 

 a thin skin and shining as if varnished. It has also a very peculiar aroma. 

 A small round dark -coloured fruit is grown in many gardens in Northern; 

 India under the name of Mandarin. It has probably originated from 

 some form of Keonla. 

 Vab. 2. Bigaradia; Brand. For. Ft. 53 ; F. B. I. i., 515; DC. I.e. 145, 

 Watt F.J). C. vulgaris, Risso ; W. ^ A. Prod. 97. (Bitter or Seville 

 Orange). Petiole usually winged. FJowe?-s larger and more strongly 

 scented than those of the sweet orange Rind aromatic and very bitter ; 

 pulp Hour. Not much cultivated in India. It is probably a native of 

 Cochin China, though found apparently wild on the Nilgiris. 



3. C. decumana, Murr. Syst. ed. xiii, 508 ; Roxh. Fl. Ind. Hi, 893 ; W. 

 4- A. Prod. 97 ; Brand. For. Fl. 55 ; F. B. I. i,516 ; DC. L'Orig.Pl. Cult. 

 140; Watt E. D. Vern. Ch%kotra, hatavi nehu. (Pumelo or Shaddock.) 

 A tree with the young shoots usually more or less pubescent. Leaflet 



large, ovate-oblong, frequently emarginate, usually downy beneath ; 



petiole broadly winged. Flowers large, white. Stamens 16-44. Fruit 



often very large, pale, globose or! pear-shaped ; rind thick ; pulp yellow 



pink or crimson, sweet or acrid, vesicles distinct. 



The pumelo is largely cultivated in India and in most tropical countries, 

 It is considered to be a native of the Malayan and Polynesian Islands. 

 Dr. Bonavia, who has for many years made a special study ofithe oranges 

 and lemons of India, hazards the opinion that the pumelo may have been 

 developed from the Malta or Portugal orange, or that both may have 

 sprung from a common ancestor. He gives instances of the development 

 of giant forms of various kinds of oranges, and remarks that the 

 pumelo proper and the Malta orange are the only kinds of Citrus which 

 are known to present varieties with red or blood colour in their pulp. 



9. FERONIA, Correa ; Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 516. 



A spinous tree. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; lea^efs o-ppos\ie, 

 subsessile, quite entire ; petiole winged or not. Flowers in terminal 

 or lateral loose panicles or racemes, polygamous. Calyx small, flat, 

 5-toothed, deciduous. Petals 5, rarely 4-6, spreadino^, imbricate. 

 <Siamcws 10-12, a few sometimes, imperfect, inserted round a short 

 disk ; filaments dilated, sides and front villous, tip subulate ; anthers 

 linear-oblong. Ovary oblong, 5-6-celled, at length 1-celled ; style 

 ; stigma oblong, fusiform, deciduous ; ovules many, crowded in 



