164 BEAMNE^. [Zizyphus. 



or ovoid, orang-e or red when ripe. Stone 2-celled, v?-ith a hard thick "bony 

 sheU. 

 Common and greg'arious along the base of the Saharanpur Siwaliks, also 

 in Dehra Dun and in other parts of the area, frequently occurring as a 

 mere shrub. Disteib.: Throughout India and in Ceylon, wild and culti- 

 vated ; also in Trop. Africa, the Malay Archipelago., China and Australia. 

 Plowers Sep.-Nov. and the fruit ripens from Dec. to Feb. There are 

 some fine old trees in the Saharanpur garden which were planted more 

 than eighty years ago. The cultivated tree is called ' Pewandi ' or 'Pemdi 

 Ber ' and the wild shrubby kind is tisually known as 'jharberi.' The 

 shape and size of the fruit vary very much, being usually small and globose 

 in the wild plant., and larger and more or less elongated tinder cultivation. 

 Some excellent varieties have been produced. The fruit is largely eaten 

 by natives, and itiis much valued in times of scarcity. Various parts of 

 the tree are used medicinally. The leaves are considered to be one of" 

 best kinds of food for tussar silk-worms, and are also largely used as fod- 

 der. The branches are often employed for making hedges, and the hard 

 close-grained wood is highly prized for the manufacture of well-wheels,, 

 saddle-trees, etc. 



2. Z. rotundifolia, Laml-. Encyc. Hi, 319. Z. nnmmularia, W. ^ J „ 

 Prod., 162; D. ,^G. Bomb. Fl - 49; Brand. For. Fl. 88; F. B. I. i, 683; 

 Watt E.D, Z. microphylla, Boxh. Fl. Ind. i,613. Vern Jhar-her, jhar- 

 heri, her, Mnta-her (Bundelkhand), bhor Sf jhalbhor (Eajputana). 



A thorny tomentose bush. Branches grey or covered with white epider- 

 mis ; &ra7i_c/)kfs bifarious,fiexuose, pilose when young, armed with twin, 

 stipular prickles, one straight and slender, the other shorter bent down 

 and hooked. Leaves ^-l in. long, shortly stalked, ovate to orbicular, 

 serrate, dark green and velvety above, pale and densely tomentose beneath. 

 Flou-ers in axillary short compact cymes ; pedicels 5 in., longer than the 

 peduncles. Petals obovate, with convolute margins. Dislc 10-lobed, with 

 a pit opposite each lobe. Ovo.ry 2-celled ; styles 2." united to above the 

 middle. Drupe globose, + in. in diam, shining, red or black when ripe. 



Abundant and often gregarious in the dry waste lands of the Doab, also 

 in the raviiie tracts in the vicinity of the Jumna and Chambal rivers ; 

 common in Merwara and Bundelkhand. Distbib.: From the Punjab and 

 Eajputana to C. and B .India. Flowers March to June, and the fruit ripens 

 during [the cold weather. The dry branches of this plant are used very 

 extensively for making fences, and the leaves are much valued as fodder 

 for camels, sheep, goats, etc. The fruit is eagerly sought after by the in- 

 habitants of famine-stricken districts. 



3. Z. (Enoplia, Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. viii, n. 3; Boxh. Fl. Ind. i, 611; 

 W. ^A. Prod. 163; Bovle III. 16S ; D. Sf G.Bomh. Fl. 49; Brand. For. Fl. 

 86; F. B. 1. i, 634 : Watt E. D. Z. albens, Boxl. Fl. Ind. i, 607. Z. Napeca, 

 Boxh. I. c. 612 {not cf Willd.). Vern. MaTcai, mahoh. bamolan. 



A thorny straggling or climbing shrub. Young branches strigose or 

 rusty-tomentose. Stipular prickles short, usually solitary, straight 

 or hooked, brown and shining, tomentose at the base. Leaves l-2§ in. 

 long, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, entire or 

 sorratc, pubescent or glabrous above, and with long silky appressed 



