ZizYPHUs.l BUAMNEM. 165 



fulvous hairs "beneath. Flowers in short axillary dichotomous densely 

 pubescent cymes. Drupe ^ in. in diam., globose or ohovoid, "black and 

 shining". 



Abundant within the area. Disteib.: Hotter parts of India, from the 

 Punjab and W. Himalaya to Assam, and south to Ceylon and the Malay 

 Penins. : also in Australia. Flowers in April and May, and the fruit 

 ripens during the irainy 'season. Often planted in hedges. The fruit is 

 eaten. 

 "4. Z. rugosa, Lamk. Encyc. in, 819 ; W. Sf A. Prod. 162 ; D. <^ G. Bomb. 



Fl. 49; Brand. For. Fl.S9;F.B. i.i,636; Watt K. D. Z. glabra, Boxb. 



Fl. Ind. i, 614. Z. latifolia, Boxh. I. c. 607. Vern. Ber, bhand. 



A straggling evergreen shrub, often climbing, or occasionally a small 

 tree. Young branches, inflorescence, prickles and under side of leaves 

 usually clothed with dense rusty-coloured tomentum. Prichles broad- 

 based, strong and hooked, mostly solitary. Leaves 2-5 in. long, ovate or- 

 elliptic from an oblique often cordate base : main nerves usually 3 to 4, 

 lateral nerves prominent. Floivers in long peduncled axillary and ter- 

 minal cymes, forming on the usually leafless branches long terminal 

 panicles. Calyx pubescent inside. Petals 0. Dish 5-lobed, hairy. Styles 

 2, united below the middle. Drupe \-^ in. long, globose or obovoid,. 

 1-celled, 1-seeded, with a very thin crustaceous stone. 



Dehra Dun, Eohilkhand, Oudh, Gorakhpur. Distbib, : Sub-Himalayan 

 tract westward to the Jumna, Bengal, C. and S. India to Ceylon, 

 also in Burma. Flowers in March and April, and the fruit ripens during 

 the rainy season. The fruit is eaten, and the branches are lopped for 

 fodder. 



5. Z. Xylopyrus, Willd. 8p. PI. i, 1104; Boxb. Fl. Ind. i, 611 ;W.Sf A. 



Prod. 162: L). Sf G. Bomb. Fl. 49; Brand. For. Fl.90;F.B. I. i,6S4. 

 Z. Caracutta, Buch.-Ham.-, Boxb. I. c. 612. Z. elliptica, Boxb. I. c. 610: 

 Z. Bunder, Beyle III. 16S? (name only). Vern. Kathber, ghunt, bhander. 



A large _ straggling deciduous shrub or small tree. Young bran- 

 ches, inflorescence, and under side of leaves softly tomentose. 

 Pricldes usually in pairs, the one straight and the other hooked and re- 

 curved, often wanting. Leaves 1-3^ in. long, broadly elliptic, obovate or 

 orbicular, obliquely rounded or subcordate at the "base, obtuse or acute, 

 serrulate, dark green and nearly glabrous on the upper surface. Flowers 

 in axillary compact shortly peduncled cymes, sometimes 4-merous. Calyx 

 glabrous inside. Petals reflexed. Disfc thin, 5-angled. wary usually 3- 

 celled : styles 3, free almost to the base. Drupe globose, |-1 in. in diam. 

 3-celled, 3-seeded, dry and hard, grey-tomentose when young. 



Dehra Dun and Saharanpur forests, Eohilkhand, Oudh and Bundel- 

 khand. Disteib. ; Sub-Himalayan tract westward to the Jumna ; Eaj- 

 putana,_ Behar, Central Provinces, and south to Ceylon. The flowers 

 appear in April and May, and the fruit ripens during the cold season. 

 The bark is used as a tanning agent in company with the leaves of Wood- 

 fordia florihunda. The fruit is not edible, but the kernels are sometimes 

 eaten. The young shoots and leaves are given to cattle and goats. The- 

 bar]< and charred fruit are used to give a black dye to leather. 



