432 COMPOSITE, 



The following are a few of the more important cultivated species belong- 

 ing to genera which are not truly indigenous within the area of this 

 flora :— 



Anthocephaltts indicus, a. Rich.i Cooke Fl. Bomb, i, 579. A. Cadamha, 

 Miq ; Brand. For. Fl. 261; F. B. I. m, 23; Watt E. D.; Kanjildl For. Fl. 

 8ch. Circle 201; Gamble Man. 400. Nauclea Cadamba, Roxb.; Fl. Ind. 

 i, 512. — Vern. Eaddam, meo (Dehra Dun). A large handsome deci- 

 duous tree with drooping horizontal branches. The fruits are densely 

 compacted into yellow globular masses about the size of an orange. 

 The tree is indigenous along the Sub-Himalayan tracts from Nepal 

 eastwards ; also in E. Bengal, S. India, and in Ceylon. It flowers during 

 the hot season. For information regarding its economic properties, 

 etc.. Watt's Dictionary Econom. Prod, of India should be con- 

 sulted. 



Cinchona spp. The attempts to form cinchona plantations on the 

 slopes of the W. Himalaya failed by reason of the excessive low 

 temperature during the winter months. A full account of the success- 

 ful introduction of the quinine-yielding species from S. America 

 will be found in Sir George Watt's article on Cinchona in Vol. ii of the 

 Dictionary of the Economic Products of India. 



Muss^NDA FEONDOsA, L. is Very much grown in gardens as an ornamental 

 shrub. It presents a conspicuous object by reason of the development 

 of one of the calyx-segments of each flower into a white membranous 

 leaf. It is indigenous in Assam and Upper Burma, also in W, and S. 

 India and in Ceylon. 



Hamelia patens, Jacq.y a native of the W. Indies, is often met with 

 in the gardens of Upper India. It is a handsome evergreen shrub with 

 reddish-yellow flowers. 



LXI.-COMPOSIT-ffi. 



Heebs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate rarely opposite, 

 simple or compound ; stipules 0. Injlorescence a centripetal head 

 of many small flowers, sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle 

 (receptacle), inclosed in an involucre of whorled bracts ; floral bracts 

 0, or reduced to scales or bristles on the receptacle. Flowers alt 

 tubular (head discoid), or the outer, or all, lignlate (head rayed), all 

 2-sexual, or the inner 2-sexual or male, the outer female or neuter, 

 sometimes dioecious. Calyx superior, limb or of hairs (pappus) 

 or scales. Corolla of 2 forms : 1st tubular or campannlate, 45- 

 lobed, lobes valvate, with marginal nerves ; 2nd, lignlate, lobes 

 elongate and connate into a strap-shaped or elliptic ligule. Disk 

 epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted within the corolla-tube ; Jila- 

 ments usually free ; anthers basifixed, usually connate, connective 

 produced upwards ; cells simple or tailed at the base ; pollen globose 



